r acknowledged by all
civilized nations. The author of the pamphlet allows his pen the most
cruel license against the Holy See, but has not one single word of blame
for the Piedmontese government. Who can explain such an attitude? The
explanation is a very natural one, and is given on the last page of the
pamphlet, where the author tells us that the Emperor of the French _cannot
sacrifice Italy to the Court of Rome, nor give up the Papacy to the
revolution_; which means that the Court of Rome must be sacrificed to the
exigencies of the peninsula, that the temporal dominion of the Holy See
must be done away with, because it is in the way of the unification of
Italy, and that this suppression is to prevent the Papacy or the spiritual
power from falling beneath the blows of the revolution." It cannot fail to
be remarked that in all the French Emperor's manifestos appears the
pretext of protecting the Papacy from the revolution, whilst, but for his
interference, it needed not such protection. Pius IX. was quite able to
contend successfully against whatever revolutionary element there was in
the Pontifical States. With the aid of his allies, he could also have
repelled the attacks of Piedmont, if unsupported by the French. But
against a Power so great that it could command the non-intervention of all
other Powers, he was powerless. It may have afforded a momentary pleasure
to the Carbonaro Prince, Napoleon III., to annihilate, for the sake of his
way of promoting Italian unification, the time-honored sovereignty of the
Pope. It afforded him no lasting benefit. Germany caught the idea, and
becoming unified, hurled her legions against the common European enemy,
who, in his day of sorest need, found not an ally, not so much as one
powerful friend even in that Italy for which he had done and sacrificed so
much.

(M80) It now only remained for young Italy, revolutionized as it was, to
assume and wear its blushing honors. Piedmont having seized Umbria and the
Marches of Ancona, and having also, through her agent Garibaldi, taken
possession of Sicily and Naples, was mistress not only of the greater
portion of the Pontifical States, but also of almost all Italy at the same
time. It became such greatness to have a parliament. Accordingly, the
first Italian parliament assembled at Turin in February, 1861; and on the
14th of March, Victor Emmanuel was proclaimed King of Italy. It was not,
however, till the 24th of June that the French E