e great pain and then indulge
himself in the sexual act. He used strong wooden clips with a
tack fixed in them, so as to pierce and pinch the mammae, and once
he drove a pin entirely through the penis itself, then obtaining
orgasm by friction. He was never able to get an automatic
emission in this way, though he often tried, not even by walking
briskly during an erection.

In another class of cases a purely ideal symbolism may be present by means
of a fetich which acts as a powerful stimulus without itself being felt to
possess any attraction. A good illustration of this condition is furnished
by a case which has been communicated to me by a medical correspondent in
New Zealand.

"The patient went out to South Africa as a trooper with the
contingent from New Zealand, throwing up a good position in an
office to do so. He had never had any trouble as regards
connection with women before going out to South Africa. While in
active service at the front he sustained a nasty fall from his
horse, breaking his leg. He was unconscious for four days, and
was then invalided down to Cape Town. Here he rapidly got well,
and his accustomed health returning to him he started having what
he terms 'a good time.' He repeatedly went to brothels, but was
unable to have more than a temporary erection, and no ejaculation
would take place. In one of these places he was in company with a
drunken trooper, who suggested that they should perform the
sexual act with their boots and spurs (only) on. My patient, who
was also drunk, readily assented, and to his surprise was enabled
to perform the act of copulation without any difficulty at all.
He has repeatedly tried since to perform the act without any
spurs, but is quite unable to do so; with the spurs he has no
difficulty at all in obtaining all the gratification he desires.
His general health is good. His mother was an extremely nervous
woman, and so is his sister. His father died when he was quite
young. His only other relation in the colony is a married sister,
who seems to enjoy vigorous health."

The consideration of the cases here brought forward may suffice to show
that beyond those fetichisms which find their satisfaction in the
contemplation of a part of the body or a garment, there is a more subtle
symbolism. The foot is a center of force, an agent for exerting pressure,
an