the vanity and
mutability of earthly greatness. For where was Chufu now,--the king who
had cemented that mountain of stone with the sweat of his subjects? Where
was the long-lived Chafra who had despised the gods, and, defiant in the
consciousness of his own strength, was said to have closed the gates of
the temples in order to make himself and his name immortal by building a
tomb of superhuman dimensions?

[Herodotus repeats, in good faith, that the builders of the great
Pyramids were despisers of the gods. The tombs of their faithful
subjects at the foot of these huge structures prove, however, that
they owe their bad repute to the hatred of the people, who could not
forget the era of their hardest bondage, and branded the memories of
their oppressors wherever an opportunity could be found. We might
use the word "tradition" instead of "the people," for this it is
which puts the feeling and tone of mind of the multitude into the
form of history.]

Their empty sarcophagi are perhaps tokens, that the judges of the dead
found them unworthy of rest in the grave, unworthy of the resurrection,
whereas the builder of the third and most beautiful pyramid, Menkera, who
contented himself with a smaller monument, and reopened the gates of the
temples, was allowed to rest in peace in his coffin of blue basalt.

There they lay in the quiet night, these mighty pyramids, shone on by the
bright stars, guarded by the watchman of the desert--the gigantic
sphinx,--and overlooking the barren rocks of the Libyan stony mountains.
At their feet, in beautifully-ornamented tombs, slept the mummies of
their faithful subjects, and opposite the monument of the pious Menkera
stood a temple, where prayers were said by the priests for the souls of
the many dead buried in the great Memphian city of the dead. In the west,
where the sun went down behind the Libyan mountains, where the fruitful
land ended and the desert began--there the people of Memphis had buried
their dead; and as our gay party looked towards the west they felt awed
into a solemn silence.

But their boat sped on before the north-wind; they left the city of the
dead behind them and passed the enormous dikes built to protect the city
of Menes from the violence of the floods; the city of the Pharaohs came
in sight, dazzlingly bright with the myriads of flames which had been
kindled in honor of the goddess Neith, and when at last the gigantic
temple of Ptah