it were, an integral part of it. It being important that these
parts should, in the completed boat, be firmly attached to the
skin, their surface is, at this part of the process, covered
with a suitable adhesive preparation.

"The model is now ready to be covered with paper. Two kinds are
used: that made from the best Manila, and that prepared from
pure unbleached linen stock; the sheets being the full length of
the model, no matter what that may be. If Manila paper is used,
the first sheet is dampened, laid smoothly on the model, and
securely fastened in place by tacking it to certain rough strips
attached to its upper face. Other sheets are now superposed on
this and on each other, and suitably cemented together; the
number depending upon the size of the boat and the stiffness
required. If linen paper is used, but one sheet is employed, of
such weight and dimensions that, when dry, it will give just the
thickness of skin necessary. Should the surface of the model be
concave in parts, as in the run of boats with square sterns for
instance, the paper is made to conform to these surfaces by
suitable convex moulds, which also hold the paper in place
until, by drying, it has taken and will retain the desired form.
The model, with its enveloping coat of paper, is now removed to
the dry-room. As the paper skin dries, all wrinkles disappear,
and it gradually assumes the desired shape. Finally, when all
moisture has been evaporated, it is taken from the mould an
exact fac-simile of the model desired, exceedingly stiff,
perfectly symmetrical, and seamless.

"The paper is now subjected to the water-proof process, and the
skin, with its keelson, inwales, and deadwoods attached, is then
placed in the carpenter's hands, where the frame is completed in
the usual manner, as described for wooden boats. The paper decks
being put on, it is then ready for the brass, iron, and varnish
work. As the skins of these boats (racing-shells) vary from
one-sixteenth of an inch in the singles, to one-twelfth of an
inch in the six-oared outriggers, the wooden frame becomes
necessary to support and keep them in shape. In applying this
invention to gigs, dingys, canoes, and skiffs, a somewhat
different method is adopted. Since these boats are subjected to
much hard service, and must be so constructed as