ot escape Master
_Roy_, who sings thus:--

"Before him rydeth two Prestes stronge,
And they beare two Crosses right longe,
Gapinge in every man's face."

_Hall_ says that he removed from Whitehall "with one cross." In the
Eastern Church patriarchs only have a crozier; a patriarch has two
transverse bars upon his crozier, the Pope carries three.

The pastoral staff was the ensign of bishops. Honorius describes it as
in the form of a shepherd's crook, made of wood or bone, united by a
ball of gold or crystal, the lower part of the staff being pointed.

"In Evangelio Dominus Apostolis praecepit, ut in praedcatione
nihil praeter virgam tollerent. Et quia Episcopi pastores gregis
Dominici sunt, ideo baculum in custodia praeferunt: per baculum,
quo infirmi sustentatur, auctoritas doctrinae designatur; per
virgam, qua improbi emendantur, potestas regiminis figuratur.
Baculum ergo Pontifices portant, ut infirmos in Fide per
doctrinam erigant. Virgam bajulant, ut per potestatem inquietos
corrigant: quae virga vel baculus est recurvus, ut aberrantes a
grege docendo ad poenitetiam trabat; in extremo est acutus, ut
rebelles excommunicando retrudat; haereticos, velut lupos, ab
ovili Christi potestative exterreat."--_In Gemma Animae_, lib. i.
cap. 218, 219., _apud Hitterpium_.

In its primitive form it appears to have been a staff shaped like a T,
and used to lean upon. It was gradually lengthened, and in some cases
was finished at the top like a mace. The pastoral staff is mentioned in
the _Life of S. Caesarius of Arles_. Gough says that the pastoral staff
found in the coffin of Grostete, Bp. of Lincoln, who died in 1254, was
made of red wood ending in a rudely shaped ram's horn. It was inscribed:

"Per baculi formam
Praelati discite normam."

In the first prayer-book of the Reformed English Church, 2 Edward VI.,
at the time of the holy communion the bishop is directed to have "_his
pastoral staff in his hand, or else borne by his chaplain_." It was used
in solemn benedictions; and so lately as at the coronation of Queen
Elizabeth. The second book of King Edward VI., published A.D. 1552,
being revived in that reign, the use of the staff was discontinued, as
we find by the consecration service of Archbishop Parker.

"Postq' haec dixissent, ad reliqua Communionis solemnia permit
Cicestren. nullu. Archie'po tradens Pastorale
baculum."--_Bramhall_, vol. i