. The museums of the
Louvre and of Sevres have also many beautiful examples. Berlin,
Frankfort and other German towns have collections, but much smaller in
extent. Private collectors in England and France own many fine
specimens, and mention may be made particularly of those owned by Mr
Ducane Godman and Mr George Salting.

LITERATURE.--Fortnum, _Majolica_ (1896) (also in South Kensington
Museum Handbook); Falke, _Majolica_ (Berlin, 1896); Fouquet,
_Contributions a l'etude de la ceramique orientale_ (Cairo, 1900);
Karabacek, "Zur muslimischen Keramik," in _Monatsschrift fur den
Orient_ (1884); Lane-Poole, _Art of the Saracens in Egypt_ (1886);
Migeon, _Manuel de l'art musulman_, vol. ii. (1907); Sarre, _Persische
Keramik_; and _Jahrbuch der koniglichen preussichen Kunstsammlung_
(1905), part ii.; H. Wallis, _The Godman Collection_ (1) _Lustred
Vases_ (London, 1891); (2) _The Tenth Century Lustred Wall-tiles_
(1894); _Notes on some Early Persian Lustre Vases_ (1885); _Egyptian
Ceramic Art_ (1898). (R. L. H.; W. B.*)

HISPANO-MORESQUE POTTERY

With the doings of the Moslem potters of the countries round the eastern
Mediterranean fresh in our minds, it is interesting to follow the
westward trend of the Moslem conquests, and see how in their wake there
also sprung up in Spain a ware of high distinction and beauty. The
Iberian peninsula had been the scene of pottery-making from prehistoric
times--a red unglazed ware was made before the dawn of civilization as
finely finished as that found in the Nile valley by Flinders Petrie (see
EGYPT: _Art and Archaeology_), and the Romans had one of their great
provincial pottery centres at Saguntum; but it was only when a great
part of Spain lay under Mussulman rule that artistic and distinctive
pottery was produced. What is by no means clear is how it came to pass
that when the traditional methods, learnt by the Arabs in Egypt and
Syria, were carried westward they should have undergone such a radical
change. Oxide of tin, the opacifying and whitening material in glazes
_par excellence_, was certainly known and used in the East from at least
the 6th century B.C.; the ancient wares are coated with a covering of
white tin-enamel to hide the buff or reddish-coloured clay, and it was
similarly used elsewhere; but its use was sporadic and not general in
those countries, where we find instead a consistent development of the
pottery made with a white sl