ad, like its
prototype, a pointed base. Many examples were found at Pompeii stamped
with the names of consuls (cf. Hor. _Od._ in. 21. I), or with painted
inscriptions relating to their contents. The _cadus_ is mentioned by
Horace and Martial.

Of smaller vases for holding liquids, such as jugs, bottles and
flasks, the principal were the _urceus_, answering to the Greek
[Greek: oinochoe], the _ampulla_, a kind of flask with globular body,
and the _lagena_, a narrow-necked flask or bottle. Of drinking-cups
the Romans had almost as large a variety as the Greeks, and the great
majority of the ornamented vases preserved to the present day were
devoted to this purpose. The generic name for a cup was _poculum_, but
the Romans borrowed many of the Greek names, such as _cantharus_ and
_scyphus_. The _calix_ appears to have answered in popularity, though
not in form, to the Greek _kylix_, and is probably the name by which
the ornamented bowls were usually known. The names for a dish are
_lanx_, _patina_ and _catinum_. Another common form is the _olla_
(Greek [Greek: chutra]), which served many purposes, being used for a
cooking-pot, for a jar in which money was kept, or for a cinerary urn.
The form of vase identified with this name has a spherical or
elliptical body with short neck and wide mouth. Of sacrificial vases
the principal was the _patera_ or libation-bowl, corresponding to the
Greek [Greek: phiale].

_Arretine Ware_.--The Latin writers, and in particular Pliny, mention
numerous places in Italy, Asia Minor and elsewhere, which were famous
for the production of pottery in Roman times. Pliny mentions with
special commendation the "Samian Ware," the reputation of which, he
says, was maintained by Arretium (Arezzo). Samian pottery is also
alluded to by other writers, and hence the term was adopted in modern
times as descriptive of the typical Roman red wares with reliefs,
whether found in Italy, Germany, Gaul or Britain. But it was only
accepted with diffidence as a convenient name, and as early as 1840
discoveries at Arezzo made it possible to distinguish the vases found
there as a local product, now known as "Arretine" ware. The name
"Samian" has, however, adhered to the provincial wares and at the
present day is often used even by archaeologists. But recent researches
have shown that nearly all the provincial wares can be traced to Gaulish
or German potteries, and, since it i