were paid altogether to the owner, or a
definite portion was diverted into other channels. Therefore those
churches which were endowed only with tithes of the surrounding
districts, as Eccleston and Croston, Penwortham and Leyland, in Leyland
Hundred, and Rochdale and Eccles, in Salford Hundred, were unnoticed,
although the two first-named churches were granted by Roger de Poictou,
with their tithes and other appurtenances, to the Priory of Lancaster;
and the pages of the _Coucher Book of Whalley_ prove the two latter
churches to have existed at a date perhaps anterior to the Conquest.
But the case was different when a church was endowed with glebe-land.
Such a church appeared in the light of a landowner, and in that
character is its existence notified. Thus, in modern Lancashire, south
of the Ribble, the churches of Wigan and Winwick, Childwall, Walton,
Warrington, Manchester, Blackburn, and Whalley are expressly named in
_Domesday_, but invariably in connexion with the ownership of land. It
seems clear, therefore, that the silence of _Domesday_ cannot be urged
as a proof of the {356} non-existence of a church, or of the subsequent
grant of those rights and privileges by which its due efficiency is
maintained."--_Introd._, p. xxiii.

WM. DOBSON.

Preston.

* * * * *

MEMOIRS OF GRAMMONT.

(Vol. viii., pp. 461. 549.; Vol. ix., pp. 3. 204.)

"Ceste noble race de Grantmont."--_Brantome._

The following are some of the principal events in the life of the Chevalier
de Grammont.

He was born in the year 1621, probably at the family seat of Bidache, in
Gascony.

He was sent to the college at Pau in Bearn, the nearest university to the
family residence. His studies here did not much benefit him; and although
intended for the church, we find him at a later period actually highly
commending the Lord's Prayer, and seriously inquiring by whom it was
written. On his declining a clerical life, he was sent to the French army
in Piedmont in 1643. He served under his brother, the Marshal, and the
Prince de Conde; and was present at the three battles of Fribourg on the
3rd, 5th, and 9th Aug. 1644; and at that of Nordlinguen on the 3rd Aug.
1645. It was at the battle of Fribourg that the Prince de Conde, having
failed in his first attack on the enemy, got off horseback, and placed
himself at the head of the regiment of C