ontier between Wirballen and Augustov. The Czar issues
a ukase calling to the colors the reserves in twenty-three entire
Governments and in eighty districts of other Governments; also the
naval reserves in sixty-four districts, or twelve Russian and one
Finnish Government; also the Cossacks on furlough in a number of
districts; also the necessary reserve officers, physicians, horses
and wagons.

July 31--General mobilization of the whole Russian Army and Navy.
The German steamer Eitel Friedrich, which keeps up a regular
service between Stettin and St. Petersburg, is stopped by a Russian
torpedo boat and brought into Revel, where the crew were made
prisoners. The Russians blow up the railway bridge on Austrian
territory between Szozakowa and Granica.

Night of Aug. 1--Russian patrols attack the German railway bridge
near Eichenried and try to surprise the German railway station at
Miloslaw. A Russian column crosses the German frontier at
Schwidden, and two squadrons of Cossacks ride against Johannisburg.

Aug. 1--(At last) Germany's mobilization.

And France?

July 27--The Fourteenth Army Corps breaks off its manoeuvres.

July 31--General mobilization.

Aug. 2--French troops attack German frontier posts, cross the
frontier, and occupy German towns. Bomb-throwing aviators come into
Baden and Bavaria; also, after violating Belgium's neutrality by
crossing Belgian territory, they enter the Rhine Province and try
to destroy bridges.

Only after all this is the German Ambassador at Paris instructed to
demand his passports.

And England?

In London war must already have been decided upon by July 31; the
English Admiralty had even before that date advised Lloyd's against
insuring German ships. On the same day the German Government gave
emphatic support in Vienna to the English mediatory proposal of Sir
Edward Grey. But the entire English fleet had already been assembled.

Of course, English public opinion was and still is divided. As late as
Aug. 1 The Daily Graphic wrote in reference to the Russian mobilization
order: "Will the Russian order also be carried out in the provinces on
the German frontier? If so, then the labor of the peace-preservers is at
an end, for Germany is compelled to answer with the mobilization of its
armed forces. We confess that we are not able to understand this