Chapter IV.--Composition of the orchestra

Different ways of orchestrating the same music 97
Full _Tutti_ 101
_Tutti_ in the wind 103
_Tutti pizzicato_ 103
_Tutti_ in one, two and three parts 104
_Soli_ in the strings 104
Limits of orchestral range 106
Transference of passages and phrases 107
Chords of different tone quality used alternately 108
Amplification and elimination of tone qualities 109
Repetition of phrases, imitation, echo 110
_Sforzando-piano_ and _piano-sforzando_ chords 111
Method of emphasising certain notes and chords 111
_Crescendo_ and _diminuendo_ 112
Diverging and converging progressions 113
Tone quality as a harmonic force. Harmonic basis 114
Artificial effects 116
Use of percussion instruments for rhythm and colour 117
Economy in orchestral colour 118

Chapter V.--Combination of the human voice with orchestra.
The Stage band

Orchestral accompaniment of solo voices 119
General remarks 119
Transparence of accompaniment. Harmony 120
Doubling voices in the orchestra 122
Recitative and declamation 125
Orchestral accompaniment of the chorus 126
Solo voice with chorus 128
Instruments on the stage and in the wings 129

Chapter VI (Supplementary).--Voices

Technical terms 132
Soloists 133
Range and register 133
Vocalisation 134
Vowels 136
Flexibility