ents, _arco_ or _pizzicato_ double the two members of the
wood-wind, and especially in the middle compass. The process is most
satisfactory for repeated notes or sustained passages.

_Examples:_

_The May Night_, Act I [[T]]--Cl. I/Cl. II] 8.

* _Sadko_, after [[159]]--Ob. I/Ob. II] 3, doubled by _pizz._ strings.

* _Servilia_, after [[21]]--Fag. I/Fag. II] 8 + _pizz._ strings.

Instruments of the same branch playing in octaves, e.g.

8 [Fag. Cl. Ob. Small cl. Flute Picc.]
[C-Fag. Cl. basso Eng. horn Clar. Alto Fl. Fl. ] 8

always produce a good effect.

_Examples:_

_Snegourotchka_ [[5]]--Picc./Fl.] 8 (cf. Ex. 15).

_The Tsar's Bride_ [[133]]--Picc./Fl.] 8.

_Tsar Saltan_ [[216]]--Picc./Fl.] 8 (cf. Ex. 36).

_Sadko_, after [[59]] Small cl./Cl.] 8.

_Legend of Kitesh_ [[240]]--Fag./C-Fag.] 8 (cf. Ex. 21).

No 60. _Mlada_, Act III, before [[44]]--Ob./Eng. horn] 8.

As in the strings, so in the wood-wind it is advisable to double in
octaves any melody situated in the extremely high or low compass; an
octave lower in the first case, an octave higher in the second. Thus
the piccolo will be doubled by the flute, oboe or clarinet an octave
lower; the double bassoon will be doubled by bassoon, clarinet or bass
clarinet an octave higher.

8 [Picc. Picc. Picc.]
[Fl. Ob. Cl. ] 8.

8 [Fag. Bass cl. Cl. Cl. Fag. Fag. ]
[C-Fag. Fag. Fag. Bass cl. Fag. Bass cl.] 8.

_Examples:_

* _Tsar Saltan_ [[39]]--Picc./Ob.] 8.

* No. 61. _Mlada_, Act II, Lithuanian dance [[32]]--Picc./Small cl.]
8.

_Sadko_ [[150]]--Picc./Small cl.] 8.

* Mixed qualities of tone may be employed in doubling in octaves, the
above remarks still holding good.

_Examples:_

_Pan Voyevoda_ [[134]]--Cl. + Ob./Cl. + Eng. horn] 8 (cf. Ex. 7).

No. 62. _Servilia_ [[168]]--2 Fl. + Ob./2 Cl. + Eng. horn] 8.

No. 63. _The Tsar's Bride_ [[120]]--3 Fl. + Ob./2 Cl. + Fag. + Eng.
horn] 8.

_Mlada_, Act III [[41]]--Fl. + Bass fl./Cl. + Bass cl.] 8.

Doubling in two, three and four octaves.

In such cases the student should follow the above-mentioned rules, and
should take care not to infringe the natural order:

Fl. Ob. Fl. Fl. ] 8
In 3 octaves: Ob. Cl. Cl. Ob. ]
Cl. Fag. Fag. Fag.] 8.

Fl. ] 8
In 4 octaves: Ob. ]
Cl. ] 8
Fag.] 8.

Mixed timbres may also be employed.

_Examples:_

No. 64. _Spanish Capr