fighting near Mizynico was especially severe. The Magiera
Heights, which had been in the possession of the Russians, were occupied
by the Austrians after a formidable bombardment by their artillery. At
the same time Russian attacks on the east of Przemysl to Medyka Heights,
on the southern wing of the battle field, which were especially directed
against the heights to the southeast of Stryj and Sambor, were repulsed.
A fresh attack of the Russians on the east bank of the river near
Jaroslav also was repulsed.

The addition of reserves and the opportunity to reorganize their army,
gave new fighting force to the Austrians about this time. Wherever the
Russians retired they followed them closely and by reconnaissances were
able to develop weak points in the Russian positions. On October 20,
1914, the Austrians had gained ground in several spots in a heavy,
stubborn attack on the fortified positions of the Russians from Plotzyn
to the highroad east of Medyka, while a Russian counterattack was
unable to make headway.

On the heights north of Nizankowice, Austrian troops scored another
victory and took also the villages situated against the heights. In the
southern wing the battle was carried on mainly by artillery. The modern
field fortification system being liberally used by the Austrians, the
battles had largely the nature of fortress warfare. On the same day the
Austrians captured in the Carpathians the last point, Jablonki Pass,
held by the Russians.

Thus we now see the Austrian army, which had been described as routed
and destroyed in battles in Galicia, seemingly taking on a new lease of
life, although appearing to have found an impenetrable barrier at the
River San north of Jaroslav. On October 22, 1914, the Austrians retook
Czernowitz, capital of the crownland of Bukowina, which had been in the
possession of the Russians since early in the war. They also captured
two field fortifications, situated one behind the other, to the
southeast of Sambor.

For eight days a terrific fight was waged between the Russians and the
Austrians on the line from Sambor, along the River San to Przemysl and
Jaroslav, and then to the southward. The battle extended over a front of
about sixty-five miles. The cannonading was uninterrupted. The Austrians
had started the attack at Sambor, but were thrown back by vigorous
Russian counterattacks. A concentration of Austrian corps then attempted
an advance against Lemberg, with the intentio