enemy, east of
Zakliczyn, making prisoners of 44 officers and 1,500 soldiers, and
capturing 8 machine guns.

Southwest of Dukla Pass the Russians had dislodged the Austrians from
positions they had strongly fortified. They had also realized an
important success south of Lisko and had repulsed counterattacks by the
enemy in the Carpathians at Uzsok Pass and renewed sorties by the
garrison at Przemysl.

Early in January, 1915, the Russians developed great activity in
Bukowina and the Carpathians, without making much impression on Austrian
positions which they attacked on the Sucwaza River, in the Upper
Csermosz territory, and also further west, on the ridges of the
Carpathians. In the district of Gorlice and to the northwest of
Zakliczyn determined Russian attacks were repulsed. During the fighting
at Gorlice the Austrians stormed and captured a height south of there.

During the second week in January, 1915, heavy rains put a stop
temporarily to the Russian offensive southward in the direction of Neu
Sandek, and at the same time to the Austrian offensive in Russian
Poland. A thaw following rain converted the whole country into a vast
morass. It was physically impossible for the Austrians to bring up heavy
artillery, without which the Russian position along the Nida River could
not be forced.

The Russian lines on the east bank of the Nida followed the heights,
which were admirably suited for intrenchments and well covered with
positions for the Russian artillery fire. There was little firing,
however, except an occasional artillery duel when the fog permitted and
sporadic local infantry firing. Conditions were similar east of Cracow,
the adversaries being well intrenched on opposite sides of the Dunajec
River.

During this time another determined sortie was made by the garrison at
Przemysl, preceded by extensive cavalry reconnaissance. The Austrian
infantry then advanced in force in the direction of a wood near the
city. The Russians opened fire, but the Austrians rushed forward and
gained the cover of the woods. They continued to push forward and the
Russians permitted them to advance close to their position before making
a serious attempt to halt them.

With the fighting thus at close range, the Russians opened a terrific
fire from rifles and machine guns. The battle raged for several hours,
with heavy losses on both sides. The Austrians then retired to the
fortress.

From the middle to the end of January, 1