regnated soil.

The adult beetles are present from the time the first leaves appear
until late summer. A spray of 4 to 5 pounds of arsenate of lead and 12
to 15 pounds of hydrated lime to 100 gallons of water, applied once a
week throughout the early part of the season might prove effective but
it will certainly prove expensive.

Planting of the affected varieties at some distance from woodlands and
wild butternut trees is helpful in avoiding this insect, but as the
trees grow older the pests may build up a population of their own. Some
sections of the county may not be affected; I hope so.

Maybe we can get some of our entomologists to work on this insect. Let's
put a little pressure on our State Experiment Stations and the U. S.
Department of Agriculture. Maybe Mr. Reed can help us.

Another subject I wish to mention is that of hardiness in nut trees. In
reading the NNGA reports and in some of the letters I have received, I
have found that many people confuse killing of the young leaves in the
spring by late frosts, with winter hardiness. In my opinion there is no
connection at all. I have seen many trees that were not hurt at all by
-34 deg.F. in mid-winter yet had all of their leaves killed by a late frost
in the spring. In fact all species and varieties of hickory and walnut
will have their leaves killed by a hard frost if the leaves have opened
out of the buds; this includes our native wild trees as well as the
grafted varieties.

The only hardiness against late spring frosts is the characteristic of
leafing out late, thus escaping most of such frosts. Of the different
species, the black walnuts seem to be best protected in this way, with
the hickories next and the heartnuts and Persian walnuts least
protected. Of course there is a considerable varietal variation within
each species.

Then the protection we can provide, is to plant nut trees on side hills
or other high ground where there is good air drainage, thus avoiding the
frost pockets. Of course many want to plant nut trees and have no place
except in low frosty sites. To these I say that they can expect to lose
an occasional nut crop by these late spring frosts, but that only in
exceptional cases will the trees suffer permanent injury. In years when
the crops are lost the trees will still be good ornamentals and shade
trees. My door yard is quite a frost pocket, yet I have lost only one
crop of heartnuts out of four or five crops, no permanent injury