ation in the art of Primitive Man of the two great
departments of painting existent to-day.

1. DECORATIVE PAINTING.

2. EXPRESSIVE PAINTING.

Pure Decorative Painting is not usually expressive of ideas other than
those of rhythmical line and harmonious color. It is not our subject.
This volume treats of Expressive Painting; but in dealing with that it
should be borne in mind that Expressive Painting has always a more or
less decorative effect accompanying it, and that must be spoken of
incidentally. We shall presently see the intermingling of both kinds
of painting in the art of ancient Egypt--our first inquiry.

CHAPTER I.

EGYPTIAN PAINTING.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED: Brugsch, _History of Egypt under the
Pharaohs_; Budge, _Dwellers on the Nile_; Duncker, _History
of Antiquity; Egypt Exploration Fund Memoirs_; Ely, _Manual
of Archaeology_; Lepsius, _Denkmaler aus Aegypten und
Aethiopen_; Maspero, _Life in Ancient Egypt and Assyria_;
Maspero, _Guide du Visiteur au Musee de Boulaq_; Maspero,
_Egyptian Archaeology_; Perrot and Chipiez, _History of Art
in Ancient Egypt_; Wilkinson, _Manners and Customs of the
Ancient Egyptians_.

LAND AND PEOPLE: Egypt, as Herodotus has said, is "the gift of the
Nile," one of the latest of the earth's geological formations, and yet
one of the earliest countries to be settled and dominated by man. It
consists now, as in the ancient days, of the valley of the Nile,
bounded on the east by the Arabian mountains and on the west by the
Libyan desert. Well-watered and fertile, it was doubtless at first a
pastoral and agricultural country; then, by its riverine traffic, a
commercial country, and finally, by conquest, a land enriched with the
spoils of warfare.

Its earliest records show a strongly established monarchy. Dynasties
of kings called Pharaohs succeeded one another by birth or conquest.
The king made the laws, judged the people, declared war, and was
monarch supreme. Next to him in rank came the priests, who were not
only in the service of religion but in that of the state, as
counsellors, secretaries, and the like. The common people, with true
Oriental lack of individuality, depending blindly on leaders, were
little more than the servants of the upper classes.

[Illustration: FIG. 1.--HUNTING IN THE MARSHES. TOMB OF TI, SACCARAH.
(FROM PERROT AND CHIPIEZ.)]

The Egyptian religion existing in the earliest days was a worship of