Standard)

Dog, 54

Dorgon, prince, 269

Double standard, legal, 80

Drama, 242, 255, 280

Dress, changes, 53

Dungan, tribes, 292

Dynastic histories
(_see_ History), 2

Dzungars, people, 277

Eclipses, 43

Economy, 53 ff., 94 ff., 100, 109, 112-13, 142 ff.;
Money economy, 198;
Natural economy, 107-8, 116
(_see_ Agriculture, Nomadism, Industry, Denshiring, Money, Trade,
etc.)

Education, 73, 103, 201, 306, 326, 327
(_see_ Schools, Universities, Academies, Script, Examination
system, etc.)

Elements, the five, 60

Elephants, 26

Elite, 73, 74, 196, 218
(_see_ Intellectuals, Students, Gentry)

Elixir, 187 (_see_ Alchemy)

Emperor, position of, 81, 92, 210, 304;
Emperor and church, 218
(_see_ Despotism, King, Absolutism, Monarchy, etc.)

Empress (_see_ Lue, Wu, Wei, Tzu Hsi)

Encyclopaedias, 219, 264, 279

England, 265, 283, 285 (_see_ Great Britain)

Ephtalites, tribe, 150

Epics, 133

Equalization Office, 91, 94 (_see chuen-t'ien_)

Erotic literature, 254

Estates (_chuang,_) 154, 175, 181, 212, 236

Ethics, 45
(_see_ Confucianism)

Eunuchs, 91, 100, 191, 253, 259-60, 261, 267, 272

Europe, 143, 212; Europeans, 209, 233, 237, 246, 263, 272, 297, 299

Examination system, 74, 78, 85-6, 91, 175, 197, 216, 252-3, 259, 280;
Examinations for Buddhists, 207

Fables, 259

Factories, 250, 251

Fallow system, 54, 249

Falsifications, 93
(_see_ Confucianism)

Family structure, 24, 29, 31, 42, 54, 138-9, 196, 332;
Family ethics, 58;
Family planning, 331

Fan Chung-yen, politician, 212, 213

Fascism, 264

Federations, tribal, 117

Felt, 33

Feng Kuo-chang, politician, 312

Feng Meng-lung, writer, 254, 255

Feng Tao, politician, 201

Feng Yue-hsiang, war lord, 312, 315

Ferghana, city, 88

Fertility cults, 23;
differential fertility, 73

Fertilizer, 54

Feudalism, 24, 29, 30 ff., 37, 38, 40, 42, 44, 45, 85;
end of feudalism, 51, 59, 62-3;
late feudalism, 71-2, 77 ff.;
new feudalism, 81;
nomadic feudalism, 76, 131
(_see_ Serfs, Aristocracy, Fiefs, Bondsmen, etc.)

Fiefs, 30, 54, 78, 82

Finances, 209
(_see_ Budget, Inflation, Money, Coins)

Fire-arms
(_see_ Rifles, Cannons)

Fishing, 94

Folk-tales, 254, 258

Food habits, 54-5, 155

Foreign relations, 84
(_see_ Diplomacy, Treaty, Tribute, War)

Forests, 26

Formosa (T'aiwan), 152, 267, 276, 277, 295, 296, 323 ff.

France, 287, 295, 296,