chi, Macao)

Potter, 32;
Pottery, 14, 15 ff., 20;
black pottery, 16
(_see_ Porcelain)

Price controls, 212

Priests, 24, 34
(_see_ Shamans, Ju, Monks)

Primogeniture, 54

Princes, 115, 120, 123

Printing, 201-2
(_see_ Colour, Book)

Privileges of gentry, 173

Proletariate, 305, 320
(_see_ Labour)

Propaganda, 93

Property relations, 31, 54, 196
(_see_ Laws, Inheritance, Primogeniture)

Protectorate, 82

Provinces, administration, 85

_pu-ch'ue,_ bondsmen, 143, 174

Pu-ku Huai-en, general, 185, 186

P'u Sung-lin, writer, 280

P'u Yi, Manchu ruler, 300, 312

Puppet plays, 255

Railways, 301, 324; Manchurian Railway, 296

Rebellions, 95-6, 156, 158, 184 ff., 189 ff., 238 ff., 261 ff., 267 ff.,
284, 289 ff., 291 ff., 299, 301
(_see_ Peasants, Secret Societies, Revolutions)

Red Eyebrows, peasant movement, 95 ff.

Red Guards, 333

Reforms, 298, 299;
Reform of language, 307-9
(_see_ Land reform)

Regents, 89

Religion, 8, 22-4, 37, 42, 44, 48, 135-6;
popular religion, 101
(_see_ Bon, Shintoism, Persecution, Sacrifice, Ancestor cult,
Fertility cults, Deities, Temples, Monasteries, Christianity,
Islam, Buddhism, Mazdaism, Manichaeism, Messianic religions,
Secret societies, Soul, Shamanism, State religion)

Republic, 303 ff.

Revolutions, 244;
legitimization of revolution, 57
(_see_ Rebellions)

Ricci, Matteo, missionary, 266

Rice, 12, 155, 219, 235, 249

Rifles, 263

Ritualism, 34, 42

Roads, 30, 56, 65

Roman Empire, 31, 51, 107, 144, 210

Roosevelt, F.D., president, 322

Russia, 246, 259, 278, 282, 283, 284, 293, 294, 296, 298, 300, 310,
311, 313-14, 315, 317, 320, 321, 322, 323, 328-29, 330, 333, 334
(_see_ Soviet Republics)

Ryukyu (Liu-ch'iu), islands, 295

Sacrifices, 19, 23, 26

Sages, 47

Sakhalin (Karafuto), island, 295, 296

Salar, ethnic group, 292

Salary, 213, 227

Salt, 40;
Salt merchants, 189, 238, 248-9, 262;
Salt trade, 200-1

Samarkand, city, 45, 183, 241

_San-min chu-i,_ book, 305

Sang Hung-yang, economist, 91

Sassanids, Iranian dynasty, 178

Scholars (_Ju_), 34, 41, 52, 59, 60, 100
(_see_ Literati, Scribes, Intellectuals, Confucianists)

Schools, 79, 196, 324-25
(_see_ Education)

Science, 60-1, 104-5, 219, 281
(_see_ Mathematics, Astronomy, Nature)

Scribes, 34

Script, Chinese, 22, 29, 65, 225, 308

Sculpture, 19-20, 106, 147, 183, 243;
Buddhist sculptures,