(_see chuen-t'ien, ching-t'ien_)

Landlords, 54, 55, 154, 155, 198, 212, 213, 236-7, 251;
temples as landlords, 134

Language, 36, 46;
dialects, 64-5, 167;
Language reform, 307-8, 324

Lang Shih-ning, painter, 281

La Tzu, philosopher, 45 ff., 101, 136

Laos, country, 12

Law codes, 56, 66, 80, 81-2, 93
(_see_ Li K'ui, Property law, Inheritance, Legalists)

Leadership, 73-4

League of Nations, 316

Leibniz, philosopher, 281

Legalists (_fa-chia_), 47, 63, 65, 66, 80, 81

Legitimacy of rule, 44, 111
(_see_ Abdication)

Lenin, V., 320, 333

Lhasa, city, 278, 329

Li An-shih, economist, 142

Li Chung-yen, governor, 315

Li Hung-chang, politician, 291, 296, 297

Li K'o-yung, ruler, 190, 191, 203, 204

Li Kuang-li, general, 88

Li K'ui, law-maker, 56, 80

Li Li-san, politician, 320

Li Lin-fu, politician, 184

Li Lung-mien, painter, 220

Li Shih-min
(_see_ T'ai Tsung), T'ang ruler, 170, 172, 178

Li Ssu, politician, 66

Li Ta-chao, librarian, 320

Li T'ai-po, poet, 182

Li Tzu-ch'eng, rebel, 268, 269, 271

Li Yu, writer, 280

Li Yu-chen, writer, 280

Li Yuean, ruler, 172

Li Yuean-hung, politician, 301, 302, 312

Liang dynasty, Earlier, 124, 130;
Later Liang, 130, 150, 162, 191, 203 ff., 207;
Northern Liang, 130 ff., 132, 133, 140;
Southern Liang, 132;
Western Liang, 131, 140

Liang Ch'i-ch'ao, journalist, 280-1

_liang-min_ (burghers), 143

Liao, tribes, 12;
Liao dynasty (_see_ Kitan), 203, 208, 222 ff.;
Western Liao dynasty, 224

_Liao-chai chih-i_, short-story collection, 280

Libraries, 66, 201-2

Lin-chin, city, 55

Lin-ch'uan, city, 263

Lin Shu, translator, 280

Lin Tse-hsue, politician, 286

Literati, 73
(_see_ Scholars, Confucianists)

Literature, 66, 103 ff., 182 ff., 220, 253 ff.
(_see_ _pien-wen_, _pi-chi_, Poetry, Drama, Novels,
Epics, Theatre, ballads, Folk-tales, Fables, History, Confucians,
Writers, Scholars, Scribes)

Literary revolution, 307, 320

Liu Chi, Han ruler, 68, 71 ff.

Liu Chih-yuean, ruler, 206

Liu Chin, eunuch, 261

Liu Hsiu
(_see_ Kuang-wu Ti), Han ruler, 96

Liu Lao-chih, general, 158

_liu-min_ (vagrants), 198

Liu Pang
(_see_ Liu Chi)

Liu Pei, general and ruler, 100, 101, 102

Liu Shao-ch'i, political leader, 333

Liu Sung, rebel, 284

Liu Tsung-yuean, writer, 182

Liu Ts'ung, ruler, 123, 124

Liu Yao, ruler, 124

Liu Yue, general, 158, 159;
emperor, 2