his second wife a Tory Parliament, which first met in November, 1710.

This "History of John Bull" began with the first of its four parts
entitled "Law is a Bottomless Pit, exemplified in the case of Lord
Strutt, John Bull, Nicholas Frog, and Lewis Baboon, who spent all they
had in a Law-suit." For Law put War--the War of the Spanish Succession;
for lawyers, soldiers; for sessions, campaigns; for verdicts, battles
won; for Humphry Hocus the attorney, Marlborough the general; for law
expenses, war expenses; and for aim of the whole, to aid the Tory policy
of peace with France. A second part followed, entitled "John Bull in his
Senses;" the third part was called "John Bull still in his Senses;" and
the fourth part, "Lewis Baboon turned Honest, and John Bull Politician."
The four parts were afterwards arranged into two, as they are here
reprinted, and published together as "The History of John Bull," with a
few notes by the author which sufficiently explain its drift.

The author was John Arbuthnot, a physician, familiar friend of Pope and
Swift, whom Pope addressed as

"Friend to my life, which did not you prolong,
The world had wanted many an idle song;"

and of whom Swift said, that "he has more wit than we all have, and his
humanity is equal to his wit." "If there were a dozen Arbuthnots in the
world," said Swift, "I would burn 'Gulliver's Travels.'"

Arbuthnot was of Swift's age, born in 1667, son of a Scotch Episcopal
clergyman, who lost his living at the Revolution. His sons--all trained
in High Church principles--left Scotland to seek their fortunes; John
came to London and taught mathematics. He took his degree of Doctor
of Medicine at St. Andrews in 1696; found use for mathematics in his
studies of medicine; became a Fellow of the Royal Society; and being by
chance at Epsom when Queen Anne's husband was taken ill, prescribed for
him so successfully that he was made in 1705 Physician Extraordinary,
and upon the occurrence of a vacancy in 1709 Physician in Ordinary,
to the Queen. Swift calls him her favourite physician. In 1710 he was
admitted Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians. That was Arbuthnot's
position in 1712-13 when, at the age of forty-five, he wrote this
"History of John Bull." He was personal friend of the Ministers whose
policy he supported, and especially of Harley, Earl of Oxford, the Sir
Roger of the History.

After Queen Anne's death, and the coming of the Whigs to power,
Ar