igures. In both joined and disjoined hands dot
i and cross t accurately to avoid confusion; e.g. Giulio carelessly
dotted has been arranged under Guilio in the catalog. Cross t one
space from line. Dot i and j one and one-half spaces from line. In
foreign languages special care is essential.

_Joined hand_. Connect all the letters of a word into a single word
picture. Complete each letter; e.g. do not leave gap between body and
stem of b and d, bring loop of f back to stem, etc.

Avoid slanting r and s differently from other letters. They should be
a trifle over one space in height. The small p is made as in print,
and is not extended above the line as in ordinary script.

_Disjoined hand_. Avoid all unnecessary curves. The principal down
strokes in b, d, f, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, t, u, and the first
line in e, should be straight.

SPECIMEN ALPHABETS AND FIGURES

[Illustration: Joined Hand]

[Illustration: Disjoined Hand]

Make all the small letters, except f, i, j, k, t, x and y, without
lifting pen from paper.

Make g and Q in one stroke, moving from left to right like the hands
of a watch. Begin on the line.

Take special pains with the letter r, as carelessly made it is easily
mistaken for v or y.

Make the upper part of B, R, and S a trifle smaller than the lower
part.

_Figures_. Make all figures without lifting the pen. Begin 4 with the
horizontal line. Make the upper part of 3 and 8 smaller than the lower
part; 8 is best made by beginning in the center.

CHAPTER XVIII

The care of books

Books of moderate size should stand up on the shelves. Large books
keep better if they are laid on their sides; when they stand, the
weight of the leaves is a pull on the binding which tends to draw the
books out of shape, and sometimes breaks them. Books which stand up
should never be permitted to lean over, but should be kept always
perfectly erect; the leaning wrenches them out of shape, and soon
breaks the binding. A row of books which does not comfortably fill a
shelf should be kept up at one end by a book support. There are
several good supports on the market. The Crocker is excellent; so is
the one described in the Library Bureau catalog.

[Illustration: L.B. book supports. (Reduced.)]

Books as they come from the dealer are not always perfect. To make
sure that their purchases are in good condition some libraries collate
all their books as soon as received, that is, look them throug