was appointed A.D. 135.

Julian the Apostate (A.D. 361-A.D. 363) presumptuously attempted to
rebuild Jerusalem, but his attempt was frustrated by a miraculous
interposition, a failure which had already been predicted by St. Cyril,
the then Bishop of Jerusalem.

{84}

[Sidenote: Double Episcopate at Antioch.]

The CHURCH IN ANTIOCH having been probably founded by St. Peter, that
Apostle is believed to have left behind him two Bishops in the city,
the one Evodius, having the episcopal care of the Jewish converts,
whilst Ignatius was placed in charge of the Gentile Christians; but, on
the death of Evodius, A.D. 70, Ignatius became sole Bishop. [Sidenote:
St. Ignatius.] This holy man is said to have been the child whom our
Lord took in His arms and set in the midst of His disciples. He was
intimate with some or all of the Apostles, especially with St. John,
and was martyred by being thrown to wild beasts at Rome, A.D. 107. The
synods held at Antioch were very numerous, and far larger than any
others, approaching almost in size and importance to General Councils.
[Sidenote: St. John Chrysostom.] It was at Antioch that the celebrated
and eloquent St. John Chrysostom was born about A.D. 347: he became
Bishop of Constantinople, and died A.D. 407, after undergoing
persecutions which almost amounted to a martyrdom.

[Sidenote: St. Paul and St. John in Asia Minor.]

We have already seen (pp. 31, 32) that the CHURCHES OF ASIA MINOR owe
their foundation chiefly to St. Paul, whilst their perfect organization
and development was entrusted to St. John the Divine (pp. 49 to 51).
The Seven Churches of the Apocalypse seem to have been in a special
manner the charge of the latter Apostle, Ephesus, the chief of them,
being the home of his later earthly years, and the scene of his decease
and burial. [Sidenote: The "Angels" of the Seven Churches.] St.
Timothy, the first Bishop of Ephesus, had been succeeded probably by
Onesimus; St. Polycarp (martyred A.D. 167) had the episcopal charge of
Smyrna; {85} Archippus, it is believed, had followed Epaphras at
Laodicea. The names of the other "Angels" spoken of in the Apocalypse
have not come down to us, but there is no doubt that at the time when
the seven inspired Epistles were addressed to these Churches, there was
in each of them a firmly established episcopacy, and that this form of
government was followed by all other Churches throughout the world.
There is little that needs recor