CHANGES IN THE FRENCH MINISTRY.

Another remarkable event in France, in the beginning of this year,
was the change in the ministry of that nation, by the removal of M. de
Machault, keeper of the seals, from the post of secretary of state for
the marine; and of M. d'Argenson from that of secretary at war. Their
dismission was sudden and unexpected; nor was any particular reason
assigned for this very unexpected alteration. The French king, to
show the queen of Hungary how judiciously she had acted in forming an
alliance with the house of Bourbon, raised two great armies; the first
of which, composed of near eighty thousand men, the flower of the French
troops, with a large train of artillery, was commanded by M. d'Etrees,
a general of great reputation; under whom served M. de Contades, M.
Chevert, and the count de Saint Germain, all officers of high character.
This formidable army passed the Rhine early in the spring, and marched
by Westphalia, in order to invade the king of Prussia's dominions, in
quality of allies to the empress-queen, and guardians of the liberties
of the empire. But their real view was to invade Hanover, a scheme which
they knew would make a powerful diversion of the British force from the
prosecution of the war in other parts of the world, where the strength
of France could not be fully exerted, and where their most valuable
interests were at stake. They flattered themselves, moreover, that
the same blow, by which they hoped to crush the king of Prussia, might
likewise force his Britannic majesty into some concessions with regard
to America. The other army of the French, commanded by the prince de
Soubise, was destined to strengthen the imperial army of execution,
consisting of twenty-five thousand men, beside six thousand Bavarians,
and four thousand Wirtembergers. But before these troops, under Soubise,
passed the Rhine, they made themselves masters of several places
belonging to the king of Prussia, upon the borders of the low
Countries;* whilst a detachment from d'Etrees's army seized upon the
town of Embden, and whatever else belonged to the same monarch in East
Friesland.

* The king of Prussia had withdrawn his garrison from
Cleves, not without suspicion of having purposely left this
door open to the enemy, that their irruption into Germany
might hasten the resolutions of the British ministry.

{GEORGE II. 1727-1760}

STATE OF THE CONFEDERACY.

At the close of