, seduction of two sons of, by the Jesuits, i. 284.

PHILIP II. of Spain:
his quarrel with Paul IV., i. 102;
the reconciliation, 104.

PHILOSOPHERS of Southern Italy in the sixteenth century, ii. 126 _sqq._

PIACENZA, added to the States of the Church, i. 7.

PICCOLOMINI, Alfonso, leader of bandits in the Papal States, i. 152.

'PIETRO Soave Polano,' anagram of 'Paolo Sarpi Veneto,' ii. 223.

PIGNA (secretary to the Duke of Ferrara), a rival of Tasso, ii. 34, 45, 48.

PINDAR, the professed model of Chiabrera's poetry, ii. 291, 294.

PIRATES, raids of, on Italy, i. 417.

PISA, first Council of, i. 92;
the second, 95.

PIUS IV., Pope (Giov. Angelo Medici):
his parentage, i. 109;
Caraffa's antipathy to him, 110;
makes Cardinal Morone his counsellor, _ib._;
negotiations with the autocrats of Europe, 111;
his diplomatic character, 112;
the Tridentine decrees, _ib._;
keen insight into the political conditions of his time, 113;
independent spirit, 115;
treatment of his relatives, _ib._;
his brother's death helped him to the Papacy, _ib._;
the felicity of his life, 116;
the religious condition of Northern Europe in his reign, 117;
re-opening of the Council of Trent, 119;
his management of the difficulties connected with the Council, 127 _sqq._;
use of cajoleries and menaces, 129;
success of the Pope's plans, 130;
his Bull of ratification of the Tridentine decrees, 131;
his last days, 132;
estimate of the work of his reign, 133 _sqq._;
his lack of generosity, 142;
coldness in religious exercises, 144;
love of ease and good companions, 147.

PIUS V., Pope (Michele Ghislieri):
his election, i. 137;
influence of Carlo Borromeo on him, 137, 145, 147;
ascetic virtues, 145;
zeal for the Holy Office, 145;
edict for the expulsion of prostitutes from Rome, 146;
his exercise of the Papal Supremacy, 148;
his Tridentine Profession of Faith, _ib._;
advocates rigid uniformity, 148;
promotes attacks on Protestants, _ib._

PLAGUES:
in Venice, i. 418;
at Naples and in Savoy, _ib._;
statistics of the mortality, 418 _n._;
disease supposed to be wilfully spread by malefactors, 420.

POETRY, Heroic, the problem of creating, in Italy, ii. 80.

POLAND, the crown of, sought by Italian princes, ii. 246.

POLE, Cardinal Reginald, i. 76;
Papal legate at Trent, 97 _n._

POMA, Ridolfo, one of the assassins of Sarpi, ii. 212.

POMPONIUS LAETUS, t