rudent men, whom, because their vices make them such,
he therefore calls wretched and miserable.

Another way whereby those passages which are suspicious in poets maybe
transferred to a better sense may be taken from the ordinary use of
words, which a young man ought indeed to be more exercised in than
in the use of strange and obscure terms. For it will be a point of
philology which it will not be unprofitable to him to understand, that
when he meets with [Greek omitted] in a poet, that word means an EVIL
DEATH; for the Macedonians use the word [Greek omitted] to signify
DEATH. So the Aeolians call victory gotten by patient endurance
of hardships [Greek omitted] and the Dryopians call daemons [Greek
omitted].

But of all things it is most necessary, and no less profitable if we
design to receive profit and not hurt from the poets, that we understand
how they make use of the names of gods, as also of the terms of Evil and
Good; and what they mean by Soul and Fate; and whether these words be
always taken by them in one and the same sense or rather in various
senses, as also many other words are. For so the word [Greek omitted]
sometimes signifies a MATERIAL HOUSE, as, Into the high-roofed house;
and sometimes ESTATE, as, My house is devoured. So the word [Greek
omitted] sometimes signifies life, and sometimes wealth. And [Greek
omitted] is sometimes taken for being uneasy and disquieted in mind, as
in

[Greek omitted] ("Iliad," v. 352.)

and elsewhere for boasting and rejoicing, as in

[Greek omitted] ("Odyssey," xviii. 333.)

In like manner [Greek omitted] signifies either to MOVE, as in Euripides
when he saith,

[Greek omitted]--

or TO SIT, as in Sophocles when he writes thus,

[Greek omitted] (Sophocles, "Oedipus Tyranus," 2.)

It is elegant also when they fit to the present matter, as grammarians
teach, the use of words which have another signification. As here:--

[Greek omitted]

For here [Greek omitted] signifies TO PRAISE (instead of [Greek
omitted]), and TO PRAISE is used for TO REFUSE. So in conversation it
is common with us to say, [Greek omitted], IT IS WELL (i.e., NO, I THANK
YOU), and to bid anything FAREWELL [Greek omitted]; by which forms of
speech we refuse a thing which we do not want, or receive it not, but
still with a civil compliment. So also some say that Proserpina
is called [Greek omitted] in the notion of [Greek omitted], TO BE
DEPRECATED, because death is by all men shunned.