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le to have children. GDP: purchasing power parity--$593.4 billion (1998 est.) GDP--real growth rate: -5% (1998 est.) GDP--per capita: purchasing power parity?$4,000 (1998 est.) GDP--composition by sector: agriculture: 7% industry: 39% services: 54% (1997) Population below poverty line: 28.6% (1998 est.) Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: 3% highest 10%: 22.2% (1993) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 84% (1998 est.) Labor force: 66 million (1997) Labor force--by occupation: NA Unemployment rate: 11.5% (1998 est.) with considerable additional underemployment Budget: revenues: $40 billion expenditures: $63 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1998 est.) Industries: complete range of mining and extractive industries producing coal, oil, gas, chemicals, and metals; all forms of machine building from rolling mills to high-performance aircraft and space vehicles; shipbuilding; road and rail transportation equipment; communications equipment; agricultural machinery, tractors, and construction equipment; electric power generating and transmitting equipment; medical and scientific instruments; consumer durables, textiles, foodstuffs, handicrafts Industrial production growth rate: -5.5% (1998 est.) Electricity--production: 834 billion kWh (1997) Electricity--production by source: fossil fuel: 68.14% hydro: 19% nuclear: 12.82% other: 0.04% (1997) Electricity--consumption: 788.036 billion kWh (1996) Electricity--exports: 24.2 billion kWh (1996) Electricity--imports: 6.6 billion kWh (1996) Agriculture--products: grain, sugar beets, sunflower seed, vegetables, fruits; beef, milk Exports: $71.8 billion (1998 est.) Exports--commodities: petroleum and petroleum products, natural gas, wood and wood products, metals, chemicals, and a wide variety of civilian and military manufactures Exports--partners: Ukraine, Germany, US, Belarus, other Western and less developed countries Imports: $58.5 billion (1998 est.) Imports--commodities: machinery and equipment, consumer goods, medicines, meat, grain, sugar, semifinished metal products Imports--partners: Europe, North America, Japan, and less developed countries Debt--external: $164 billion (yearend 1998) Economic aid--recipient: $8.523 billion (1995) Currency: 1 ruble (R) = 100 kopeks Exchange rates: rubles per US$1--22.2876 (
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