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January 1999), 9.7051 (1998), 5,785 (1997), 5,121 (1996), 4,559 (1995), 2,191 (1994) note: the post-1 January 1998 ruble is equal to 1,000 of the pre-1 January 1998 rubles Fiscal year: calendar year Communications Telephones: 23.8 million (1997 est.) Telephone system: the telephone system has undergone significant changes in the 1990's; there are more than 1,000 companies licensed to offer communication services; access to digital lines has improved, particularly in urban centers; Internet and e-mail services are improving; Russia has made progress toward building the telecommunications infrastructure necessary for a market economy domestic: cross country digital trunk lines run from St. Petersburg to Khabarovsk, and from Moscow to Novorossiysk; the telephone systems in 60 regional capitals have modern digital infrastructures; cellular services, both analog and digital, are available in many areas; in rural areas, the telephone services are still outdated, inadequate, and low density international: Russia is connected internationally by three undersea fiber-optic cables; digital switches in several cities provide more than 50,000 lines for international calls; satellite earth stations provide access to Intelsat, Intersputnik, Eutelsat, Inmarsat, and Orbita Radio broadcast stations: AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA; note--there are about 1,050 (including AM, FM, and shortwave) radio broadcast stations throughout the country Radios: 50 million (1993 est.) (74.3 million radio receivers with multiple speaker systems for program diffusion) Television broadcast stations: 11,000 (1996 est.) Televisions: 54.85 million (1992 est.) Transportation Railways: total: 150,000 km; note--87,000 km in common carrier service; 63,000 km serve specific industries and are not available for common carrier use broad gauge: 150,000 km 1.520-m gauge (January 1997 est.) Highways: total: 948,000 km (including 416,000 km which serve specific industries or farms and are not maintained by governmental highway maintenance departments) paved: 336,000 km unpaved: 612,000 km (including 411,000 km of graveled or some other form of surfacing and 201,000 km of unstabilized earth) (1995 est.) Waterways: total navigable routes in general use 101,000 km; routes with navigation guides serving the Russian River Fleet 95,900 km; routes with night navigat
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