rational international gateway exchanges
(1 at Karachi and 2 at Islamabad); microwave radio relay to
neighboring countries

Radio broadcast stations: AM 26, FM 3, shortwave 18 (1998 est.)

Radios: 10.2 million (1998 est.)

Television broadcast stations: 22 (in addition, there are seven
low-power repeaters) (1997)

Televisions: 2.08 million (1998 est.)

Transportation

Railways:
total: 8,163 km
broad gauge: 7,718 km 1.676-m gauge (293 km electrified; 1,037 km
double track)
narrow gauge: 445 km 1.000-m gauge (1996 est.)

Highways:
total: 224,774 km
paved: 128,121 km
unpaved: 96,653 km (1996 est.)

Pipelines: crude oil 250 km; petroleum products 885 km; natural
gas 4,044 km (1987)

Ports and harbors: Karachi, Port Muhammad bin Qasim

Merchant marine:
total: 23 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 384,304 GRT/619,668 DWT
ships by type: bulk 4, cargo 15, container 3, oil tanker 1 (1998
est.)

Airports: 116 (1998 est.)

Airports--with paved runways:
total: 80
over 3,047 m: 11
2,438 to 3,047 m: 20
1,524 to 2,437 m: 31
914 to 1,523 m: 15
under 914 m: 3 (1998 est.)

Airports--with unpaved runways:
total: 36
over 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 8
914 to 1,523 m: 9
under 914 m: 18 (1998 est.)

Heliports: 7 (1998 est.)

Military

Military branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, Civil Armed Forces,
National Guard

Military manpower--military age: 17 years of age

Military manpower--availability:
males age 15-49: 33,496,712 (1999 est.)

Military manpower--fit for military service:
males age 15-49: 20,519,762 (1999 est.)

Military manpower--reaching military age annually:
males: 1,553,310 (1999 est.)

Military expenditures--dollar figure: $2.48 billion (FY98/99)

Military expenditures--percent of GDP: 4.4% (FY98/99)

Transnational Issues

Disputes--international: status of Kashmir with India;
water-sharing problems with India over the Indus River (Wular
Barrage)

Illicit drugs: producer of illicit opium and hashish for the
international drug trade (poppy cultivation in 1998--3,030 hectares,
a 26% drop from 1997 because of eradication and alternative
development); limited center for processing Afghan heroin; key
transit area for Southwest Asian heroin moving to Western markets;
narcotics still move from Afghanistan into Baluchistan Province

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