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====================================================================== @Panama ------ Geography Location: Middle America, bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Pacific Ocean, between Colombia and Costa Rica Geographic coordinates: 9 00 N, 80 00 W Map references: Central America and the Caribbean Area: total: 78,200 sq km land: 75,990 sq km water: 2,210 sq km Area--comparative: slightly smaller than South Carolina Land boundaries: total: 555 km border countries: Colombia 225 km, Costa Rica 330 km Coastline: 2,490 km Maritime claims: territorial sea: 200 nm Climate: tropical; hot, humid, cloudy; prolonged rainy season (May to January), short dry season (January to May) Terrain: interior mostly steep, rugged mountains and dissected, upland plains; coastal areas largely plains and rolling hills Elevation extremes: lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Volcan de Chiriqui 3,475 m Natural resources: copper, mahogany forests, shrimp Land use: arable land: 7% permanent crops: 2% permanent pastures: 20% forests and woodland: 44% other: 27% (1993 est.) Irrigated land: 320 sq km (1993 est.) Natural hazards: NA Environment--current issues: water pollution from agricultural runoff threatens fishery resources; deforestation of tropical rain forest; land degradation Environment--international agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation Geography--note: strategic location on eastern end of isthmus forming land bridge connecting North and South America; controls Panama Canal that links North Atlantic Ocean via Caribbean Sea with North Pacific Ocean People Population: 2,778,526 (July 1999 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 32% (male 446,792; female 429,811) 15-64 years: 63% (male 882,541; female 859,455) 65 years and over: 5% (male 76,648; female 83,279) (1999 est.) Population growth rate: 1.53% (1999 est.) Birth rate: 21.69 births/1,000 population (1999 est.) Death rate: 5.14 deaths/1,000 population (1999 est.) Net migration rate: -1.22 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1999
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