ig. 164. Operation of Pegs in
Drawbore Pinning.]

DRAWBORE PINNING.--At Fig. 162 is seen the method of securing a tenon by
drawbore pinning, employed when it is not convenient to obtain the
necessary pressure by using a cramp. The joint is made in the usual
manner, and a 3/8-in. twist bit is used to bore a hole through piece A.
The tenon is driven home and the hole is marked on the side of the tenon
(B); the tenon is then withdrawn and the hole bored about 1/8 in. nearer
to the shoulder than as marked on the separate diagram at C. When the
tenon is finally inserted the holes will not register correctly, and if a
hardwood pin be driven into the joint it will draw the shoulders of the
tenon to a close joint and effectually secure the parts.

SASH BARS.--Fig. 165 shows how to tenon a moulded sash bar to the rebated
cross rail. In this illustration both shoulders of the moulded bar are
shown square, but in the best class work these shoulders may be slightly
housed into the cross rail to prevent side play. This type of joint is
used for horticultural buildings, etc. If the lower rail be moulded with
the same members as the sash bar, the end of the sash bar will have to be
scribed on to it to make a fit.

[Illustration: Fig. 165.--Tenoning Moulded Sash Bar.]

[Illustration: Fig. 166.--Tenon with Tongued and Grooved Shoulder.]

[Illustration: Fig. 167.--Detail of Table Framing.]

TENON WITH TONGUED AND GROOVED SHOULDERS (Fig. 166).--The object of the
tongues and grooves here is to prevent the face of the work casting, or
becoming warped, and thus spoiling the appearance of the surface of the
work. If framing is to be veneered on the face side this is an
exceptionally good method.

TABLE FRAMING.--Fig. 167 indicates the framing of a rail to a
dining-table leg. In cases similar to this the tenons run into the leg
and almost touch each other. They are therefore mitred on the end as
shown in the inset. Chair frames often call for similar treatment.

TWIN TENONS with haunch, as used when the timber is of great thickness,
are shown in Fig. 168.

AN OPEN SLOT MORTISE at the end of a right-angled frame is seen in Fig.
169. Fig. 170 shows an open slot mortise and tenon joint at the end of a
frame of 60 deg.. Both these joints are occasionally called end bridle
joints.

[Illustration: Fig. 168.--Twin Tenons for Thick Timber.]

[Illustration: Fig. 169.--The Open-slot Mortise Joint.]

HAMMER HEAD TENONS.--At Fig. 171 is show