aling with agriculture is from the pen of Joseph Marsden,
Esq., Commissioner of Agriculture. The digest of the land law has been
prepared by J. F. Brown, Esq., Commissioner of Public Lands. The
historical portion has been written by Prof. Alexander, Chief of the
Government Survey and author of a "Short History of the Hawaiian People"
and other works. The pamphlet has been planned, edited and in part
written by Alatau T. Atkinson, Esq., ex-Inspector General of Schools,
and now General Superintendent of Census.

CHAPTER I.

GENERAL INFORMATION.

The Hawaiian Islands are situated in the North Pacific Ocean and lie
between longitudes 154 deg. 40' and 160 deg. 30' West, and latitudes 22 deg. 16' and
18 deg. 55' North. They are thus on the very edge of the tropics, but their
position in mid-ocean and the prevalence of the northeast trade wind
gives them a climate unequalled by any other portion of the globe--a
perpetual summer without an enervating heat. In the Hawaiian Islands
Americans and Europeans can and do work in the open air, at all seasons
of the year, as they cannot in countries lying in the same latitudes
elsewhere. To note an instance, Calcutta lies a little to the north of
the latitude of Kauai, our most northerly Island, and in Calcutta the
American and European can only work with his brain; hard physical labor
he cannot do and live. On the Hawaiian Islands he can work and thrive.

RAINFALL AND TEMPERATURE.

The rainfall varies, being greater on the windward side of the Islands,
and increasing up to a certain elevation. Thus, at Olaa, on the Island
of Hawaii, windward side and elevation of about 2,000 feet, the rainfall
from July 1st, 1894, to June 30, 1895, was 176.82 inches, while at
Kailua, on the leeward side, at a low level, it was only 51.21 inches
during the same period.

The temperature also varies according to elevation and position. On the
Island of Hawaii you can get any climate from the heat of summer to actual
winter at the summits of the two great mountains. A meteorological record,
kept carefully for a period of twelve years, gives 89 deg. as the highest and
54 deg. as the lowest temperature recorded, or a mean temperature of 71 deg. 30'
for the year. A case of sunstroke has never been known. People make no
special precautions against the sun, wearing straw and soft felt hats
similar to those worn in the States during the summer months.

WINDS.

The prevailing winds, as mentio