illed up with boiling water. This will at once
become agitated, and will continue so for a few minutes. When it becomes
still, the gas flame is turned down, and clear coffee is syphoned over
into the globe through the syphon tube, on the end of which, as it rests
in the coffee liquid, there is a metal strainer covered with a filter
cloth.

[Illustration: NAPIER VACUUM COFFEE MAKER]

[Illustration: NAPIER-LIST STEAM COFFEE MACHINE]

The Napierian coffee machine has enjoyed great popularity in England.
The principle has in later years been incorporated in the Napier-List
steam coffee machine for use in hotels, ships, restaurants, etc. Steam
is used as a source of heat, but does not mix with the coffee. List's
patent is for an improvement on the Napierian system and was granted in
1891.

It is related that shortly before he died, old Mr. Napier, at the
termination of a dispute in Smith & Co.'s factory at Glasgow, where the
device was being made under his instruction, said to old Mr. Smith:

"You may be a guid silversmith, but I am a better engineer."

[Illustration: FINLEY ACKER'S FILTER-PAPER COFFEE POT

SHOWING METHOD OF OPERATION]

In 1841, William Ward Andrews was granted an English patent on an
improved pot employing a pump to force the boiling water through the
ground coffee while contained in a perforated cylinder screwed to the
bottom of the pot.

In 1842, the first French patent on a glass coffee-making device was
granted to Madame Vassieux of Lyons.

Following this, there were numerous patents issued in France and England
on double glass-globe coffee-making devices. They were first known as
double glass balloons, and most of them employed metal strainers.

After this, there were many "percolator" patents in France, England, and
the United States, some of which were for improved forms of the original
drip method of the De Belloy device. Others were for the type of machine
which came to be known as "percolators" because they employed the
principle of raising the heated water and spraying it over the ground
coffee in continuous fashion. The story is told in chronological order
in the chapter on the evolution of coffee apparatus; so it is not
necessary to repeat it here. Numerous filtration devices also were
produced abroad and in the United States.

[Illustration: THE KIN-HEE POT IN OPERATION]

Among the percolators, those of Manning, Bowman & Co., and of Landers,
Frary & Clark, became well known her