"filter" or drip through.

In 1819, Laurens was granted a French patent on the original
pumping-percolator device, in which the water was raised by steam
pressure and dripped over the ground coffee.

In 1820, Gaudet, another Paris tinsmith, invented a filtration device
that employed a cloth strainer.

In 1822, Louis Bernard Rabaut was granted an English patent on a
coffee-making device in which the usual French drip process was reversed
by the use of steam pressure to force the boiling water upward through
the coffee mass. Caseneuve, of Paris, was granted a patent on a similar
device in France in 1824.

In 1825, the first coffee-pot patent in the United States was granted to
Lewis Martelley on a machine "to condense the steam and essential oils
and return them to the infusion."

In 1827, the first really practicable pumping percolator, as we
understand the meaning today, was invented by Jacques-Augustin Gandais,
a manufacturer of plated jewelry in Paris. The boiling water was raised
through a tube in the handle and sprayed over the ground coffee
suspended in a filter basket, but could not be returned for a further
spraying.

In 1827, Nicholas Felix Durant, a manufacturer of Chalons-sur-Marne, was
granted a French patent on a "percolator" employing, for the first time,
an inner tube to raise the boiling water for spraying over the ground
coffee.

In 1839, James Vardy and Moritz Platow were granted an English patent on
a kind of urn "percolator", or filter, employing the vacuum process of
coffee making, the upper vessel being made of glass.

By this time, the pumping percolator, working by steam pressure and by
partial vacuum, was in general use in France, England, and Germany. And
then began the movement toward the next stage in coffee
making--filtration.

About this time (1840), Robert Napier (1791-1876) the Scottish marine
engineer, of the celebrated Clyde shipbuilding firm of Robert Napier &
Sons, invented a vacuum coffee machine to make coffee by distillation
and filtration. The device was never patented; but thirty years later,
it was being made in the works of Thomas Smith & Son (Elkington & Co.,
Ltd., successors) under the direction of Mr. Napier, the aged inventor.
The device consists of a silver globe, brewer syphon, and strainer, as
illustrated. It operates as follows: a half-cupful of water is put into
the globe, and the gas flame is lighted. The dry coffee is put into the
receiver, which is then f