follows No. 4 of the front rank, and he is in turn followed by the
other numbers of the rear rank.

If the instructor desires the files to cover, he commands: In file
_Cover_. Nos. 1 stand fast, the others moving to the right with the
side step, until the Nos. 1 are covered.

To return to the original formation, the instructor commands: Assemble
March. No. 1 of the front rank stands fast and the other members move
forward to their original places.

_Second Formation._ To the right and left. Take interval, March.

_Front Rank:_ _Rear Rank:_
No. 1, 6 steps right step. No. 1, 3 steps right step.
No. 2, 3 steps right step. No. 2, Stands fast.
No. 3, Stands fast. No. 3, 3 steps left step.
No. 4, 3 steps left step. No. 4, 6 steps left step.

Commands.

KINDS OF COMMANDS, AND HOW GIVEN.--There are two kinds, _preparatory_
and _executive_.

The _preparatory command_ describes and specifies what is desired and
the _executive command_ calls what has been described into action.

The tone of the command should always be animated, distinct, and of a
loudness proportioned to the number of men for whom it is intended.

Instructors should cultivate a proper command, as its value as a
tributary to the success of any military drill cannot be
overestimated.

After an exercise has been described, its various movements or parts
should be performed at _executive words_, which indicate not only the
movement that is desired but the manner of the execution. Thus: 1.
Trunk forward, 2. Bend, 3. Recover (or Raise), here the word _bend_ is
drawn to indicate moderately slow execution; the recovery being a
little faster, the word _recover_ should be spoken to indicate it.

The word Recover should always be used to bring the men back to the
original position.

If it is desired to continue an exercise, the command Exercise should
be used and the cadence or rhythm should be indicated by words or
numerals. If numerals are used, they should equal the number of
movements composing the exercise. Thus an exercise of two movements
will be repeated at _one, two_; one of four movements will require
four counts, etc.

The numeral or word preceding the command Halt should always be given
with a rising inflection in order to prepare the men for the command
Halt.

Thus: 1. Thrust arms forward, 2. Exercise one, two, one, two, one,
Halt.

If any movement of any exercise is to be performed with m