s time "absolved the
auditors ad reincidentiam, within the palace, with no other witnesses
than the governor, and embraced them and gave them the kiss of peace."

[110] Spanish, irregular. In this usage irregularidad means, according
to Dominguez, "a canonical impedimenta for receiving or exercising
holy orders, on account of certain natural defects which produce
incapacity, or of crimes or illegal acts which are committed."

[111] See copy of this edict in Ventura del Arco MSS., iii,
pp. 517-521. The statement in our text regarding penalties is
inaccurate. The edict required that all confessions made to members
of the cabildo be made anew; all persons married by them must appear
before the archbishop within three days (or ten days for those without
the jurisdiction of the city), under penalty of excommunication for
European Christians, and for all others fifty lashes and three months
in jail; and the same penalties for those on whom the cabildo had
conferred holy orders, licenses to preach, chaplaincies, etc. This
act was dated November 29, 1684.

[112] Diaz says (p. 779): "But this caused so many dissensions,
and opinions from the theologians, that it was found necessary to
issue another act (January 8, 1685) in which the archbishop declared
the former act null, and ordered that those [married persons] should
again appear in court for the revalidation of their marriages."

[113] i.e., "they are exulting, as do the victors when they have
seized their prey."

[114] "An image of a monstrous serpent which is displayed in front
of the procession on Corpus Christi Day--doubtless alluding to the
eternal humiliation of the demon, conquered for ever by Jesus Christ"
(Dominguez, Diccionario nacional).

[115] Among these were the Franciscan provincial, Francisco de Santa
Ines, and the Augustinian writer Casimiro Diaz (as the latter states
in his Conquistas, p. 782).

[116] "Vargas then alleged his being exempt, as a knight of Santiago;
but even then the archbishop did not revoke the excommunication, the
ex-governor-general of the islands being required to live alone in a
solitary house on the islet of the Pasig River, without dealings or
communication with any person" (Montero y Vidal, Hist. de Filipinas,
i, p. 372).

[117] This affair had been initiated by Vargas. "The sultan of Borneo
sent an ambassador, soliciting the establishment of commercial dealings
with Filipinas. Vargas responded with another and distinguishe