T. J. Pettigrew, _Superstitions Connected with the
History and Practice of Surgery and Medicine_, pp. 51 f.

[18] G. F. Fort, _History of Medical Economy During the
Middle Ages_, pp. 142 f.

[19] E. Salverte, _Philosophy of Magic_ (trans.
Thompson), II, p. 96.

[20] E. A. King, "Medieval Medicine," _Nineteenth
Century_, XXXIV, p. 151.

For further references to the effect of demonism, see J.
F. Nevius, _Demon Possession and Allied Themes_; J. M.
Peebles, _The Demonism of the Ages and Spirit
Obsessions_; articles on "Demon," "Demonism,"
"Demoniacal Possession," and "Devil," in the _Catholic
Encyclopedia_, the _New International Encyclopedia_, and
the _Encyclopedia Britannica_.

CHAPTER IV

RELICS AND SHRINES

"A fouth o' auld knick-knackets,
Rusty airn caps and jinglin' jackets,
Wad haud the Lothians three, in tackets,
A towmond guid;
An' parritch pats, and auld saut backets,
Afore the flood."--BURNS.

"For to that holy wood is consecrate
A virtuous well, about whose flowery banks
The nimble-footed fairies dance their rounds
By the pale moonshine, dipping oftentimes
Their stolen children, so to make them free
From dying flesh and dull mortality."--FLETCHER.

"Ne was ther such another pardoner,
For in his male he hadde a pilwebeer,
Which that he saide was oure lady veyl;
He seide, he hadde a gobet of the seyl
That seynt Peter hadde, whan that he wente
Uppon the see, til Jhesu Crist him pente.
He hadde a cros of latoun ful of stones,
And in a glas he hadde pigges bones.
But with these reliques, whanne that he fond
A poure persoun dwelling uppon lond,
Upon a day he gat him more moneye
Than that the persoun gat in monthes tweye.
And thus with feyned flaterie and japes,
He made the persoun and the people his apes."--CHAUCER.

A wide-spread movement developed in the early church as a result of
which innumerable miracles of healing were credited to the power of
saints, indirectly through the medium of streams and pools of water
which were reputed to have some connection with a particular saint,
or through the efficacy still clinging to the relics of holy persons.

On account of the growth of the belief in demonism in the Christian
church, and the need of supernatural means to counteract diabolic
diseases, saintly relics came into common use for this purpose, and
afterward when demonis