o the other Philippine
languages. There are local differences sufficiently great to make it
impossible for people to communicate when first brought together,
but the vocabularies are sufficiently alike, and the morphology of
the dialects is so similar that it is the task of only a short time
for a person conversant with one idiom to acquire a speaking and
understanding knowledge of any other in this region. It is important
to note that these dialects belong to the Philippine group, and there
seems to be very little evidence of Chinese influence [27] either in
structure or vocabulary. [28]

The various descriptions of the physical types have been of such
a conflicting nature that it seems best at this point to present
rather detailed descriptions of the Tinguian, Ilocano, and Apayao,
and to compare these with the principal measurements of the other
tribes and peoples under discussion.

For purposes of comparison, the Tinguian have been divided into a
valley and mountain group; for, as already indicated, there has been a
considerable movement of the mixed Kalinga-Igorot people of the upper
Saltan (Malokbot) river, of Guinaan Lubuagan and Balatok, into the
mountain districts of Abra, and these immigrants becoming merged into
the population have modified the physical type to a certain extent.

In the detailed description of the Ilocano, all the subjects have
been drawn from the cities of Bangued in Abra, and Vigan in Ilocos
Sur, in order to eliminate, so far as possible, the results of recent
intermixture with the Tinguian,--a process which is continually taking
place in all the border towns. The more general tabulation includes
Ilocano from all the northern provinces.

Aged and immature individuals have been eliminated from all the
descriptions here presented. [29]

_Ilocano_

Observations on 19 Males from Vigan and Bangued

Range Average
Height, standing meters 1.510 to 1.714 1.607
Length of head " .164 to .191 .1787
Breadth of head " .146 to .158 .1522
Height of head " .120 to .144 .1316
Breadth of zygomatic arches " .129 to .148 .1373
Length of nose " .043 to .054 .0485
Breadth of nose " .034 to .046 .0382

Cephalic index 85.1
Length-Height index 73.0
Breadth-Height index