203

The Ordinance of 1787 204-206

Theory of folkland upon which the ordinance was based 207

Spain, hearing of the secret article in the treaty of 1783,
loses her temper and threatens to shut up the Mississippi
River 208, 209

Gardoqui and Jay 210

Threats of secession in Kentucky and New England 211

Washington's views on the political importance of canals
between east and west 212

His far-sighted genius and self-devotion 213

Maryland confers with Virginia regarding the navigation of
the Potomac 214

The Madison-Tyler motion in the Virginia legislature 215

Convention at Annapolis, Sept 11, 1786 216

Hamilton's address calling for a convention at Philadelphia 217

The impost amendment defeated by the action of New
York; last ounce upon the camel's back 218-220

Sudden changes in popular sentiment 221

The Federal Convention meets at Philadelphia, May, 1787 222

Mr. Gladstone's opinion of the work of the convention 223

The men who were assembled there 224, 225

Character of James Madison 226, 227

The other leading members 228

Washington chosen president of the convention 229

CHAPTER VI.

THE FEDERAL CONVENTION.

Why the proceedings of the convention were kept secret for
so many years 230

Difficulty of the problem to be solved 231

Symptoms of cowardice repressed by Washington's impassioned
speech 232

The root of all the difficulties; the edicts of the federal
government had operated only upon states, not upon
individuals, and therefore could not be enforced without
danger of war 233-233

The Virginia plan, of which M