edici on the submission of Florence to the invaders.

Malta ceded to the Knights of St. John by Charles V, who also hands over
the Moluccas to the Portuguese.

Formulation of the reform (Protestant) profession of faith at the Diet
of Augsburg; prepared and read before the Diet by Melanchthon.

1531. Breach between Henry VIII and Pope Clement VII.

Battle of Kappel; defeat of the army of Zurich by Swiss Catholics; fall
of Zwingli.

Henry VIII of England first addressed as "supreme head of the Church."

Publication of Michel Servetus' treatise on the _Errors of the Trinity_.

1532. Restoration of religious peace, with freedom of worship, in
Germany, secured by the Pacification of Nuremberg.

Conquest of Peru. See "PIZARRO CONQUERS PERU," ix, 156.

1533. Cranmer annuls the marriage of Henry VIII with Catherine of
Aragon; he marries Anne Boleyn; her coronation.

Marriage of the Dauphin Henry with Catherine de' Medici.

Enforced flight of Calvin from Paris. See "CALVIN IS DRIVEN FROM PARIS,"
ix, 176.

Queen Margaret of Navarre, sister of Francis I, avows heretical
opinions; her mysteries, farces, and novels give a great impulse to
literature in France.

A taste for poetry and refinement of the English language follows the
writings of Howard, Earl of Surrey, and Sir Thomas Wyatt, in England.

1534. Throwing off of the papal authority in England. See "ENGLISH ACT
OF SUPREMACY," ix, 203.

Establishment of their disorderly reign of the Anabaptists, under the
lead of John of Leyden, in Muenster.

Unsuccessful attempt of the Bishop of Geneva and the Duke of Savoy to
reestablish their authority over Geneva; it is henceforth free.

First fierce persecution of the reformers in France begins.

Discovery of the St. Lawrence by Jacques Cartier.* See "CARTIER EXPLORES
CANADA," ix, 236.

1535. Suppression of the monasteries in England.

Publication in England by Tyndale and Coverdale of a new translation of
the Bible.

Settlement of Paraguay and founding of Buenos Aires. See "MENDOZA
SETTLES BUENOS AIRES," ix, 254.

Downfall of the Anabaptists at Muenster; John of Leyden put to death.

After being created a cardinal, Fisher is beheaded in England; the like
befalls Sir Thomas More.

1536. Completion of the union between England and Wales.

Henry VIII, on the charge of infidelity, commits Anne Boleyn to the
Tower of London; she is executed. Marriage of Henry to Jane Seymour.

Francis I takes Turin