udois in Southern France.

1546. Burning of George Wishart as a heretic, by order of Cardinal
Beaton, the Scottish primate; he is assassinated.

Beginning of the War of the Smalkald League. See "PROTESTANT STRUGGLE
AGAINST CHARLES V," ix, 313.

1547. Death of Henry VIII; Edward VI succeeds his father on the English
throne; the Duke of Somerset protector.

Henry II succeeds to the throne of France, on the death of his father,
Francis I.

Capture of John Knox, the Scottish reformer; he is condemned to the
French galleys.

In Russia the Grand Prince of Moscow, Ivan IV (the Terrible), assumes
the title of czar or tsar.

1548. Publication of the Augsburg Interim. See "PROTESTANT STRUGGLE
AGAINST CHARLES V," ix, 313.

1549. In England the Act of Uniformity, regulating public worship, is
passed.

Formal uniting of the Netherlands with the Spanish crown by Charles V.

Francis Xavier lands in Japan. See "INTRODUCTION OF CHRISTIANITY INTO
JAPAN," ix, 325.

Book of Common Prayer adopted in England, under Edward VI.

1550. Promulgation against the heretics in the Netherlands by Charles;
the hateful Inquisition established there.

Peace between England and France; Boulogne restored to the latter.

Publication of his _Lives of the Painters_, by Giorgio Vasari.

1551. After a long siege Magdeburg is taken by Maurice of Saxony.

Turkish ravages on the coast of Sicily; an attack on Malta fails;
Tripoli surrenders to them.

Palestrina, the first to reconcile musical science with musical art,
made _maestro di capella_ by Pope Julius III.

1552. Adoption of the Forty-two Articles of the Church of England; these
were afterward reduced to Thirty-nine.

Alliance of Maurice of Saxony with France; they make war on Charles V,
on behalf of the Protestants. The Peace of Passau follows. See "COLLAPSE
OF THE POWER OF CHARLES V," ix, 337 and 348.

Seizure of the bishoprics of Metz, Toul, and Verdun by Henry II of
France. See "COLLAPSE OF THE POWER OF CHARLES V," ix, 337.

Subjugation of the Tartars of Kazan by Ivan the Terrible of Russia.

1553. Death of Edward VI; his sister, Mary, succeeds to the English
throne.

Unsuccessful attempt of the Duke of Northumberland to place his
daughter-in-law, Lady Jane Grey, on the throne.

After a stubborn defence by Francis, Duke of Guise, Charles V is
compelled to raise the siege of Metz.

Burning of Servetus at Geneva, with Calvin's approval.

1554. Rebellion