olet
mantle and cap of a monseigneur over the white stole of the Pontiff, for
fear he might be shot at by the soldiers in the streets below.

[41] The short autobiography of Raffaello da Montelupo, a man in many
respects resembling Cellini, confirms this part of our author's
narrative. It is one of the most interesting pieces of evidence
regarding what went on inside the castle during the sack of Rome.
Montelupo was also a gunner and commanded two pieces.

[42] This is an instance of Cellini's exaggeration. He did more than
yeoman's service, no doubt, but we cannot believe that, without him, the
castle would have been taken.

GREAT RELIGIOUS MOVEMENT IN ENGLAND

FALL OF WOLSEY

A.D. 1529

JOHN RICHARD GREEN

The "New Learning" which had been slowly spreading from
Italy over all Europe, did not markedly affect England until
the sixteenth century. There the long Wars of the Roses had
not only gone nigh to exterminating the old nobility, but
had so distracted men's minds from more peaceful pursuits
that little note was taken of the intellectual movement
abroad. Under Henry VII and Henry VIII all this changed.
These Tudor monarchs were indeed tyrants over England, but
they brought her peace--and time for thought. Under the
leadership of the celebrated Dutch scholar Erasmus, and the
almost equally renowned Englishmen, Sir Thomas More and Dean
Colet, the land awakened about 1500 to a new life of study
and of culture, whose principles spread rapidly among the
upper classes.

When news of Luther's religious revolt reached England, the
leaders of the New Learning were at first inclined to favor
his ideas. But the two movements, one scholarly and calm,
the other impassioned and intense, soon parted company, as
Green shows in his justly famous account.

The true ruler of England at the time was the "great
cardinal," Wolsey, whose brain long enabled him to play upon
King Henry as a toreador does upon a bull, guiding at will
the frenzied rushes of the mighty brute. In 1521, the period
when the following account begins, Wolsey was fifty years
old. He had risen from being the studious son of a grazier
and wool merchant to be a dean of the Church under Henry
VII, and a bishop, cardinal and lord chancellor, of England
under Henry VIII. His ambition to be pope was thwarted by