n.

In October, 1702, Anne's first Parliament and Convocation assembled:

"From the deputies in Convocation at this period, the appellations
_High Church_ and _Low Church_ originated, and they were afterwards
used to distinguish the clergy. It is singular that the bishops[3] were
ranked among {118} the Low Churchmen (see Burnet, v. 138.; Calamy, i.
643.; Tindal's _Cont._, iv. 591.)"--Lathbury's _Hist. of the
Convocation_, Lond. 1842, p. 319.

Mr. Lathbury is a very respectable authority in matters of this kind, but
if he use "originated" in its strict sense, I am inclined to think he is
mistaken; as I am tolerably certain that I have met with the words several
years before 1702. At the moment, however, I cannot lay my hands on a
passage to support this assertion.

The disputes in Convocation gave rise to a number of pamphlets, such as _A
Caveat against High Church_, Lond. 1702, and _The Low Churchmen vindicated
from the unjust Imputation of being No Churchmen, in Answer to a Pamphlet
called "The Distinction of High and Low Church considered:_" Lond. 1706,
8vo. Dr. Sacheverell's trial gave additional zest to the _dudgeon
ecclesiastick_, and produced a shower of pamphlets. I give the title of one
of them: _Pulpit War, or Dr. S----l, the High Church Trumpet, and Mr.
H----ly, the Low Church Drum, engaged by way of Dialogue_, Lond. 1710, 8vo.

To understand the cause of the exceeding bitterness and virulence which
animated the parties denominated _High Church_ and _Low Church_, we must
remember that until the time of William of Orange, the Church of England,
_as a body_--her sovereigns and bishops, her clergy and laity--comes under
the _former_ designation; while those who sympathised with the Dissenters
were comparatively few and weak. As soon as William was head of the Church,
he opened the floodgates of Puritanism, and admitted into the church what
previously had been more or less external to it. This element, thus made
part and parcel of the Anglican Church, was denominated _Low Church_.
William supplanted the bishops and clergy who refused to take oaths of
allegiance to him as king _de jure_; and by putting Puritans in their
place, made the latter the dominant party. Add to this the feelings of
exasperation produced by the murder of Charles I., and the expulsion of the
Stuarts, and we have sufficient grounds, political and religious, for an
irreconcilable feud. Add, again, the reaction resulti