1857, n. 41. Ern. Monaci, _Testi
antichi provenzali_, Rome, 1889, col. 67. One should read this
piece to have an idea of the fervor with which this poet shared
the hopes of Italy and desired its independence. This political
note is found again in a _tenzon_ of Manfred II. Lancia,
addressed to Pierre Vidal. (V. Monaci, _loc. cit._, col.
68.)--Gaucelme Faidit was also at this court as well as Raimbaud
of Vacqueyras (1180-1207).--Folquet de Romans passed nearly all
his life in Italy. Bernard of Ventadour (1145-1195), Peirol of
Auvergne (1180-1220), and many others abode there a longer or
shorter time. Very soon the Italians began to sing in Provencal,
among others this Manfred Lancia, and Albert Marquis of
Malaspina (1162-1210), Pietro della Caravana, who in 1196
stirred up the Lombard towns against Henry VI., Pietro della
Mula, who about 1200 was at the court of Cortemiglia. Fragments
from these poets may be found in Monaci, _op. cit._, col. 69 ff.

[23] Soc., 3; 2 Cel., 1, 1.

[24] _Cum esset gloriosus animo et nollet aliquem se
praecellere_, Giord. 20.

[25] 1 Cel., 17; 3 Soc., 3; Bon., 7. Cf. A. SS., p. 562.

[26] 1 Cel., 2; Bon., 6; _Vit. sec. apud_, A. SS., p. 560.

[27] 3 Soc., 9.

[28] In 1174 Assisi was taken by the chancellor of the empire,
Christian, Archbishop of Mayence. A. Cristofani, i., p. 69.

[29] All these events are related in the _Gesta Innocentii III.
ab auctore coaetaneo_, edited by Baluze: Migne, _Inn. op._, vol.
i., col. xxiv. See especially the letter of Innocent,
_Rectoribus Tusciae: Mirari cogimur_, of April 16, 1198. Migne,
vol. i., col. 75-77. Potthast, No. 82.

[30] See Luigi Bonazzi, _Storia di Perugia_, 2 vols., 8vo.
Perugia, 1875-1879 vol. i., cap. v., pp. 257-322.

[31] 3 Soc., 4; 2 Cel., 1, 1. Cristofani, _op. cit._, i., p. 88
ff.; Bonazzi, _op. cit._, p. 257.

[32] 3 Soc., 4.

[33] 3 Soc., 4; 2 Cel., 1, 1.

[34] See this arbitration in Cristofani, _op. cit._, p. 93 ff.

[35] Cristofani, _loc. cit._, p. 70.

* * * * *

CHAPTER II

STAGES OF CONVERSION

Spring 1204-Spring 1206

On his return to Assisi Francis at once resumed his former mode of life;
perhaps he even tried in some degree to make up for lost time. Fetes,
games, festivals, and dis