hers to
give.

In support of this opinion, we will now cite cases in which such aid is
furnished. And in the first place, let us see whether the facts of
social organization do not afford additional support to some of the
doctrines set forth in the foregoing parts of this article.

One of the propositions supported by evidence was that in animals the
process of development is carried on, not by differentiations only, but
by subordinate integrations. Now in the social organism we may see the
same duality of process; and further, it is to be observed that the
integrations are of the same three kinds. Thus we have integrations
which arise from the simple growth of adjacent parts that perform like
functions: as, for instance, the coalescence of Manchester with its
calico-weaving suburbs. We have other integrations which arise when, out
of several places producing a particular commodity, one monopolizes
more and more of the business, and leaves the rest to dwindle: witness
the growth of the Yorkshire cloth-districts at the expense of those in
the west of England; or the absorption by Staffordshire of the
pottery-manufacture, and the consequent decay of the establishments that
once flourished at Worcester, Derby, and elsewhere. And we have those
yet other integrations which result from the actual approximation of the
similarly-occupied parts: whence result such facts as the concentration
of publishers in Paternoster Row, of lawyers in the Temple and
neighbourhood, of corn-merchants about Mark Lane, of civil engineers in
Great George Street, of bankers in the centre of the city. Finding thus
that in the evolution of the social organism, as in the evolution of
individual organisms, there are integrations as well as
differentiations, and moreover that these integrations are of the same
three orders; we have additional reason for considering these
integrations as essential parts of the developmental process, needed to
be included in its formula. And further, the circumstance that in the
social organism these integrations are determined by community of
function, confirms the hypothesis that they are thus determined in the
individual organism.

Again, we endeavoured to show deductively, that the contrasts of parts
first seen in all unfolding embryos, are consequent upon the contrasted
circumstances to which such parts are exposed; that thus, adaptation of
constitution to conditions is the principle which determines their
primar