e support of a Popish clergy.
The Inquisition may erect her standard in Pennsylvania and the city of
Philadelphia may yet experience the carnage of St. Bartholomew's day."
Processions were formed about the country and in some places the bust of
George III, adorned with miter, beads and a pectoral cross, was carried
in triumphal march.

The forms of protest found their way ultimately into the halls of the
First American Congress which convened in Philadelphia in 1774. The
recent legislation was enumerated among the wrongs done the colonies by
the mother country. Feeling became so bitter that an address was issued
by the Congress on the fifth of September, 1774, "to the people of Great
Britain" saying: "We think the Legislature of Great Britain is not
authorized by the Constitution to establish a religion, fraught with
sanguinary and impious tenets, or to erect an arbitrary form of
government in any quarter of the globe." "By another act the Dominion of
Canada is to be extended, modeled and governed, as that being disunited
from us, detached from our interests by civil as well as religious
prejudices, that by their numbers daily swelling with Catholic emigrants
from Europe, and by their devotion to administration so friendly to
their religion, they might become formidable to us, and on occasion be
fit instruments in the hands of power to reduce the ancient free
Protestant colonies to the same state of slavery with themselves."
Little did they think that the breach they were attempting to heal was
widened by their procedure. The author of the address was John Jay, a
lawyer from New York, with whom Papaphobia was a mania.

Nor did the failure of this method of diplomacy become apparent until
several years later. The measure of appreciation and the expression of
sentiment of the Canadian people in regard to this ill-timed and
unchristian address, conceived in a fit of passion and by no means
representative of the sentiments of the saner portion of the population,
took expression at a more critical time. When, in 1776, the members of
the same Congress, viewing with alarm the magnitude of the struggle upon
which they had entered and to whose success they had pledged their
honor, their fortunes and their lives, sought to enlist the resources of
their neighbors in Canada, they met with a sudden and calamitous
disappointment. To effect an alliance with the border brethren, three
commissioners were appointed--Benjamin Franklin, S