wn by the
younger branches; qualities of beauty and usefulness of the tree.
Drawing exercises.

At least two visits should be made to the woods during the autumn
months, one when the leaves of the trees begin to colour and another
when the leaves have fallen. Consider the preparation made for winter in
the woods and fields, the use of dead leaves in the woods as a
protection to forest vegetation and as soil-making material. Bring back
samples of leaves and of leaf mould or humus for class-room observation.
Note the effect of frost in hastening the falling of leaves--frost does
not give the brilliant hues to leaves, as many people think. Consider
the relationship of the forest trees to animal life.

STORING OF TREE SEEDS

Make a collection of nuts and other tree seeds, some of which should be
put in the school collection and the rest planted in the garden or
stored away for spring planting. The seeds of evergreens should be kept
dry and cold, but other seeds, as a rule, are best packed in a box of
slightly moist sand set in a cold place or buried in the ground.

A FLOWER

TYPE: NASTURTIUM

I

Teacher and pupils visit the nasturtium bed, where the flowers stand up
boldly, surrounded by the shield-shaped leaves. A search for the young
flower buds and for the very old flowers leads to the discovery that
these are snugly sheltered under the shields.

The greenish-yellow calyx, which is closely wrapped around the bud, is
next examined. Its name is given, and its use as a protector is
discussed.

The strong seed cases are opened and the seeds are discovered. The
pupils are instructed to watch the insects that visit the bright
flowers. Name the insects. Describe their movements. Catch a few and
find the yellow powder on their furry little bodies and legs.

II

Each member of the class brings a flower to the school-room. The
varieties of colours of the flowers are discussed. The cave-like form of
each flower is noted. The velvety feeling of the corolla and the
delicate perfume are likewise sensed by the pupils.

The pupils nip off the point of the cave and taste the nectar (honey),
and thus learn why the insects visit the flowers. They next trace the
course of the coloured lines on the corolla and find that they all point
into the cave.

Continuing their explorations of the mouth of the cave, the pupils will
discover the little boxes containing the yellow powder that the flower
dusts upon the insects. The na