oward the factional fight in Russia. They steadily
refused to recognize the Bolshevik government of Lenine and Trotsky.

While this plan was still in the whispering stages, the activities of
the Germans in Finland where they menaced Petrograd and where their
extension of three divisions to the northward and eastward seemed to
forecast the establishment of submarine bases on the Murmansk and
perhaps even at Archangel where lay enormous stores of munitions
destined earlier in the war to be used by the Russians and Rumanians
against the Huns. At any rate, the port of Archangel would be one other
inlet for food supplies to reach the tightly blockaded Germans.

Since the autumn of 1914 military supplies of all kinds, chiefly made in
America and England, had been sent to Archangel for the use of the
Russian armies. At the time of the revolution against the old Czar
Nicholas, in 1917, there were immense stores in the warehouses of the
Archangel district and the Archangel-Vologda Railway had been widened to
standard gauge and many big American freight cars supplied to carry
those supplies southward. And these stores had been greatly augmented
during the Kerensky regime, the enthusiastic time immediately subsequent
to the fall of the Czar, when anti-German Russians were exulting "Now
the arch traitor is gone, we can really equip our armies," and when the
Allies believed that after a few months of confusion the revolutionary
government would become a more trustworthy ally than the old imperial
government had been.

[Illustration: Several soldiers eating at a table.]
U.S. Official Photo
Olga Barracks

[Illustration: Several people standing around a streetcar.]
U.S. Official Photo
Street Car Strike in Archangel

[Illustration: Several building, including two towers.]
U.S. Official Photo
American Hospitals and Headquarters

[Illustration: Several soldiers waiting at a window.]
U.S. Official Photo
"Supply" C. canteen "Accommodates" Boys

[Illustration: Several soldiers and two small sheds on sleigh runners,
pulled by horses.]
U.S. Official Photo
Red Cross Ambulances, Archangel

[Illustration: A small room with several soldiers holding their shirts.]
U.S. Official Photo
"Cootie Mill" Operating at Smolny Annex of Convalescent Hospital

[Illustration: Two men with a horse pulling a plow.]
Wisckot
Single Flat Strip of Iron on Plow point

[Illustration: Soldier sharing his rations with a group of children