and Cyrestis, as well as the
entire families of the Danaidae, Satyridae, Lycaenidae, and Hesperidae,
present no examples of this peculiar form of the upper wing in the
Celebesian species.

_Local variations of Colour._--In Amboyna and Ceram the female of the
large and handsome Ornithoptera Helena has the large patch on the hind
wings constantly of a pale dull ochre or buff colour, while in the
scarcely distinguishable varieties from the adjacent islands of Bouru
and New Guinea, it is of a golden yellow, hardly inferior in brilliancy
to its colour in the male sex. The female of Ornithoptera Priamus
(inhabiting Amboyna and Ceram exclusively) is of a pale dusky brown
tint, while in all the allied species the same sex is nearly black with
contrasted white markings. As a third example, the female of Papilio
Ulysses has the blue colour obscured by dull and dusky tints, while in
the closely allied species from the surrounding islands, the females are
of almost as brilliant an azure blue as the males. A parallel case to
this is the occurrence, in the small islands of Goram, Matabello, Ke,
and Aru, of several distinct species of Euploea and Diadema, having broad
bands or patches of white, which do not exist in any of the allied
species from the larger islands. These facts seem to indicate some local
influence in modifying colour, as unintelligible and almost as
remarkable as that which has resulted in the modifications of form
previously described.

_Remarks on the facts of Local variation._

The facts now brought forward seem to me of the highest interest. We see
that almost all the species in two important families of the Lepidoptera
(Papilionidae and Pieridae) acquire, in a single island, a characteristic
modification of form distinguishing them from the allied species and
varieties of all the surrounding islands. In other equally extensive
families no such change occurs, except in one or two isolated species.
However we may account for these phenomena, or whether we may be quite
unable to account for them, they furnish, in my opinion, a strong
corroborative testimony in favour of the doctrine of the origin of
species by successive small variations; for we have here slight
varieties, local races, and undoubted species, all modified in exactly
the same manner, indicating plainly a common cause producing identical
results. On the generally received theory of the original distinctness
and permanence of species, we are met b