idae are the objects which the other families most often imitate. But
besides these, some genera of Morphidae and one section of the genus
Papilio are also less frequently copied. Many species of Papilio mimic
other species of these three groups so closely that they are
undistinguishable when on the wing; and in every case the pairs which
resemble each other inhabit the same locality.

The following list exhibits the most important and best marked cases of
mimicry which occur among the Papilionidae of the Malayan region and
India:--

Mimickers. Species mimicked. Common habitat.

DANAIDAE.

1. Papilio paradoxa Euploea Midamus } Sumatra, &c.
(male & female) (male & female) }
2. P. Caunus E. Rhadamanthus Borneo and
Sumatra.
3. P. Thule Danais sobrina New Guinea.
4. P. Macareus D. Aglaia Malacca, Java
5. Papilio Agestor Danais Tytia Northern India.
6. P. Idaeoides Hestia Leuconoe Philippines.
7. P. Delessertii Ideopsis daos Penang.

MORPHIDAE.

8. P. Pandion Drusilla bioculata New Guinea
(female)

PAPILIO (POLYDORUS- and COON-groups).

9. P. Pammon (Romulus, Papilio Hector India.
female)
10. P. Theseus, var. P. Antiphus Sumatra, Borneo.
(female)
11. P. Theseus, var. P. Diphilus Sumatra, Java.
(female)
12. P. Memnon, var. P. Coon Sumatra.
(Achates, female)
13. P. Androgeus, var. P. Doubledayi Northern India.
(Achates, female)
14. P. Oenomaus P. Liris Timor.
(female)

We have, therefore, fourteen species or marked varieties of Papilio,
which so closely resemble species of other groups in their respective
localities, that it is not possible to impute the resemblance to
accident. The first two in the list (Papilio paradoxa and P. Caunus) are
so exactly like Euploea Midamus and E. Rhadamanthus on the wing, that
although they fly very slowly, I was quite unable to distinguish them.
The first is a very interesting case, because the male and female differ
considerably, and each mimics the corresponding sex of the Euploea. A
new species of Papilio which I discovered in New Guinea resembles Da