, and no other result could have been expected.
November 2 he was sentenced to be hung on December 2, 1859.

When arraigned for sentence, among other things he said:

"If it is deemed necessary I should forfeit my life in furtherance
of the end of justice, and mingle my blood further with the blood
of my children, and with the blood of millions in this slave country
whose rights are disregarded by wicked, cruel, and unjust exactments,
I say, let it be done."

A little later he wrote:

"I can leave to God the time and manner of my death, for I believe
now that the sealing of my testimony before God and man with my
blood will do far more to further the cause to which I have earnestly
devoted myself than anything I have done in my life . . . I am
quite cheerful concerning my approaching end, since I am convinced
I am worth infinitely more on the gallows than I could be anywhere
else."

On his way from the prison to the scaffold he handed to a guard a
paper on which were written his last words.

"I, John Brown, am now quite certain that the crimes of this guilty
land will never be purged away but with blood. I had, as I now
think vainly, flattered myself that without very much bloodshed it
might be done."

Emerson, Parker, and the Abolition press of the North eulogized
Brown and his followers.

His raid was made another pretence for uniting the South.

The American Anti-Slavery Society in its calendar of events designated
_1859_ as "The John Brown Year."

John Brown was immortalized in a song written and sung first in
1861, and thereafter by the Union army wherever it marched. On
the spot where he was hanged a Massachusetts regiment (1862) sung:

"John Brown's body lies mouldering in the grave,
But his soul goes marching on," etc.

The significance of John Brown's attack, small as it was in the
point of numbers engaged in it, lies in the fact that it is the
only one of its character openly made on slavery in the history of
the United States, and in the further fact that it was at the
threshold of _Secession--War_, ending in _universal emancipation_.

(97) _Hist. of the U. S._ (Rhodes), vol. ii., p. 393.

(98) _Ibid_., p. 392.

(99) Mason's _Report_, p. 57.

(100) _Hist. of U. S._ (Rhodes), vol. ii., p. 403; New York _Tribune_,
Oct. 19th.

XXI
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS, 1856-1860

The political campaign of 1856 has thus far been passed by, as it
more appropriately belongs to a history of th