w
moat and a bastioned stone wall, made for defenceagainst Indians,
and incapable of resisting cannon.[849]

[Footnote 849: _An East View of Montreal, drawn on the Spot by Thomas
Patten_ (King's Maps, British Museum), _Plan of Montreal, 1759.
A Description of Montreal_, in several magazines of the time. The
recent Canadian publication called _Le Vieux Montreal_, is exceedingly
incorrect as to the numbers of the British troops and the
position of their camps.]

On the morning after Amherst encamped above the place,
Murray landed to encamp below it; and Vaudreuil, looking
across the St. Lawrence, could see the tents of Haviland's
little army on the southern shore. Bourlamaque, Bougainville,
and Roquemaure, abandoned by all their militia, had crossed
to Montreal with the few regulars that remained with them.
The town was crowded with non-combatant refugees. Here,
too, was nearly all the remaining force of Canada, consisting
of twenty-two hundred troops of the line and some two hundred
colony troops; for all the Canadians had by this time gone home.
Many of the regulars, especially of the colony troops, had also
deserted; and the rest were so broken in discipline that their
officers were forced to use entreaties instead of commands. The
three armies encamped around the city amounted to seventeen
thousand men;[850] Amherst was bringing up his cannon from La
Chine, and the town wall would have crumbled before them in an hour.

[Footnote 850: _A List of the Forces employed in the Expedition
against Canada_. See Smith, _History of Canada_, I. Appendix xix.
Vaudreuil writes to Charles Langlade, on the ninth, that the three
armies amount to twenty thousand, and raises the number to thirty-two
thousand in a letter to the Minister on the next day. Berniers says
twenty thousand; Levis, for obvious reasons, exaggerates the
number to forty thousand.]

On the night when Amherst arrived, the Governor called
a council of war.[851] It was resolved that since all the militia
and many of the regulars had abandoned the army, and the
Indian allies of France had gone over to the enemy, further
resistance was impossible. Vaudreuil laid before the assembled
officers a long paper that he had drawn up, containing fifty-five
articles of capitulation to be proposed to the English;
and these were unanimously approved.[852] In the morning
Bougainville carried them to the tent of Amherst. He granted
the greater part, modified some, and flatly r